Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 231

 

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Beloved friends!

Some questions and notes are present, so let me give answers to those questions with short notes. Now, the following question is being asked: “What is Saba‘ al-Masani or the 7 that are oft-recited?” The majority says that this Saba‘ al-Masani is Surah al-Fatihah al-Sharif. Also, some say they are the seven long surahs, and Ibn-i Abbas is one of them. Radeyallahu anhum wa ardahum ajmain. Some say it is seven parts of Al-Quran Al-Karim. Some people have answered this question by saying, “There are seven parts of Al-Quran Al-Karim which are commands, prohibitions, good news, proverbs, introduction of bounties (nimat), and news of the past.” That said, Ziyad and İbn Ebû Meryem are among them.

Now, Al-Quran Al-Karim is nothing but Allah’s book, Allah’s words, and Allah’s utterances (kalam). Some people think of recitation of certain surahs as politics. Can one consider recitation of certain surahs or verses of Al-Quran Al-Karim politics? Some people may consider it politics, but Al-Quran Al-Karim as a whole is Allah’s book. We will not take some sections of it for the sake of someone and abandon other sections.

I will renounce thousands of worlds but I will never renounce a single command, a single decree, or a single word of Al-Quran Al-Karim. Do you have anything to say? I am a servant (qul) of Allah. I am not someone else’s servant. Can I, who serve Allah, neglect the command of Allah? Can I object to Allah?

That is why my friends, no matter what they say, the sun will continue to shed light. Is the Sun to blame if the majority of people shut their eyes to it? No, it is not to blame. So, even if they all shut their eyes and scream that the Sun does not exist, it still exists.

It exists, but there are those who deprive themselves of the Sun. That is why there are tyrants, imposers, and those who force people to do what they say. The religion of Islam and faithful Muslims do not cannot be deterred by anyone. We have never been slaves to anyone, and we will not. We also know and appreciate the value of valuable figures better than everyone. We know the good and valuable aspects of the valuable personalities better than those people of -isms who think they follow them. Every qul has a qul aspect. Every human has a humane aspect, do not forget that!

Every qul has a qul aspect. Every servant (qul) has weak aspects. They have flaws, imperfections, but they also have most valuable values. Allah personally educates solely Prophets. Allah chooses them and personally raises them to perfection. Other than that, every human being has to have their own endeavours, and be encompassed by Allah’s grace (lutf). Everyone has to have their own effort more or less, otherwise that won’t happen. That is why Muslims are to know Allah Ta’ala with every fibre of their being, and know that they are always in need of Allah, and they will always be grateful to Allah.

 

Time Stamp: 5:05

 

They say, “Do not fly in the skies that do not belong to you,” which is a proverb. Do not fly in the skies that do not belong to you because you will violate some county’s airspace, and they will give you an ultimatum, they will warn you. That is why you should not fly in the skies that do not belong to you, which is a proverb, words of a wise person. Now, if there is an exigency, then permits may be given to the extent of the degree of exigency, and exigencies may change the decrees. That is set according to the degree of the exigency.

Then again, the following is said in Sahih-i Muslim: “The namāzs of those ask questions to soothsayers, and accept fortune-tellers, magicians, and soothsayers will not be accepted for 40 days.” “Those who go to soothsayers, magicians, fortune-tellers, and oracles will have denied what has been sent down to me,” meaning he says that they will have denied Al-Quran Al-Karim. This hadith-i sharif has been narrated in Sahih-i Muslim, and there is also news that come from Al-Tabarani, Ibn-i Suud, and Bezzâr. That is why Muslims do not need soothsayers. Muslims do not need oracles or fortune-tellers because they have no correlation whatsoever with reality. Muslims are always people of reality. Therefore, that is what our Prophet said in Sahih-i Muslim. He said that the namāzs of those who go to soothsayers, magicians, wizards, and oracles, along with those who ask them things and accept them will not be accepted for 40 days. He said that those who go to soothsayers, magicians, and oracles will have denied what has been sent down to him,” and what has been sent down to him is Al-Quran Al-Karim, and thus “they will have denied the Quran”, he says.

Those who acquire knowledge from the start have acquired it from magic. That is, those who accept that stars tell. So, what is muessir? It is those who say the stars tell them things, they affect them, they manage the earth, they manage the heavens… That has no scientific basis, and is based on fortune-telling. The mentality that divinizes the stars is the fortune-telling mentality, and it is a game that magicians play in order to deceive humanity. See, they also acquire knowledge from magic. Islam rejects magic.

Abu Dawood and Ibn Majah are present in the roots of this news. Says that humans are official caliphs whose duty is to make the sharia (law) predominant in the name of Allah. Who says that? Ibn-i Masud says it. He says that humans are official caliphs whose duty is to make the sharia (law) predominant in the name of Allah.

So, who is Ibn-i Masud (r.a.)? He is among the greatest âlims of the companions (sahabah), may Allah be pleased with them all. Then again, this is news that comes from Ibn-i Abbas, Süddî, and Fakhr al-Din al-Razi. That is, the source of this news includes Ibn-i Abbas as well as Süddî and Fakhr al-Din al-Razi. Now, caliph means successor. What Allah Ta’ala wants from the servant (qul) is to be the caliph or successor who will ensure justice on earth. This duty befalls on all humanity, and they hold elections among themselves and rule with justice. There is also a caliphate where divine justice manifests. There is only tyranny where divine justice does not manifest. It does not matter if you call this a caliph, a ruler, an amir, etc. The truth stays the same. What is fundamental here is that the justice that Allah wants has to manifest in the world, that is the main purpose of caliphate (successorship).

 

Time Stamp: 10:52

 

“Do not say, ‘If Allah and you wish…’ Do not hold them equal. Say, ‘If Allah wishes…’.”

Who said that? Our Prophet said it. One day, somebody came to our Prophet and said, “If Allah and the Messenger wishes…” And our Prophet warned him not to say that. He said that he should say, “If Allah wishes…” Because the Messenger is also a servant (qul) of Allah. Every Prophet is a servant (qul) of Allah, and they are also Prophets.

Now, there are certain views that do not suit the views of Ahlus-Sunnah, and questions are being asked about this as well.

When Ibn Qayyim said, “Jahannam is not permanent,” he tried to deduce that from the 23^rd verse of Surah al-Naba [78] which says, “reside therein for ages,” but there are also other verses that say Jahannam is permanent. That is why this view of Ibn Qayyim does not suit Ahlus-Sunnah and the literal (zahir) of Al-Quran Al-Karim because the verses in themselves constitute a whole. A verse is explained and explored by another verse. See, verse explains verse, and also verses can be explained and explored by authentic hadiths.

Allah says, “except what Allah may wish,” for people of paradise. Says, “Except what Allah may wish.” That is from the 128^th verse of Surah al-An’am [6]. Janâb-i Haqq may do anything whenever Janâb-i Haqq wishes but there are certain laws and decrees that Janâb-i Haqq brought forth. Now, what did Janâb-i Haqq say for people of paradise? Says that Janna is permanent, and life will be permanent. Also, there are many verses of the Quran that say the kāfirs who die faithlessly will stay in Jahannam for eternity.

Now, Sahabi, Umar, Ibn Masud, Amr ibn al-As, Abu Hurairah, Saʽid al-Khudri, says, “Orders the Fire to destroy them.” Now, for example, there are sahabah who bring forth this view for example, but the question is whether it encompasses all of Jahannam or some souls in it? That said, there is also news that sinful believers will be turned to coal and then find life in the river of life and enter Janna. Some say the aforementioned saying is about it.

Tabi’un, Salaf, and Şa’bî say that Jahannam is what will be destroyed fastest. Abu Mijlaz says, “Allah may cancel if Allah wishes.” Ishak ibn Rahaveyni says all verses in Surah al-Hud [11] are about punishment. Now, these are personal views of certain individuals regarding what they wish themselves but the literal (zahir) of Al-Quran Al-Karim is not bound by these at all.

 

Time Stamp: 15:04

 

Moreover, the meaning of Al-Quran Al-Karim cannot be ruled out by a single hadith, and especially individuals cannot do that. Meaning, the original text of Al-Quran Al-Karim and authentic hadith cannot be ruled out by ijtihad. That is why whatever the essences of Al-Quran Al-Karim and the Sunnah are, they are primary decrees, and we should start with them. Worldly punishments are for mankind to get advice. Janâb-i Haqq warns the servants (qul) to dissuade them from evil. However, what is essential is that Janâb-i Haqq’s rahmat encompasses everything. If humanity did not go towards disbelief (kufr), then Jahannam would not have been created. Such a pity that humanity went to disbelief (kufr). People earned disbelief (kufr) because they did the opposite of faith (iman) and obedience to Allah. In the end, they earned Jahannam as requital of their disbelief (kufr). That is, Jahannam is a product of mankind’s own earnings. Had they lived faithful lives, then Jahannam would have been non-essential. It may not have existed. Janna would always exist. Rahmat would always exist because it is essential. Love is essential, and so are mercy and justice. Bounties or nimat have always been and will always be primary. Crime is non-essential. People themselves earned crime themselves. Had they not earned crime, and had people never deviated to disbelief (kufr), polytheism (shirk), corruption (nifaq), and had they never denied their Rabb (Lord) and the laws of Allah, then there would not be anything like Jahannam. There would not be punishments or crimes. People committed offences, earned crime, and they have also earned the punishment that comes with it. Ahlus-Sunnah says that it is jaiz for Janâb-i Haqq to return from the threat of punishment. Ahlus-Sunnah says that Allah praises those who forgive and it is up to the will of the Divine. For example, Janâb-i Haqq threatens with punishment, but it is jaiz for Janâb-i Haqq to not give punishment. Allah may do whatever Allah wishes. You cannot say, “do this but do not do that,” to Allah. Allah does the best of everything. That said, Allah personally praises those who forgive. Therefore, Allah personally loves to forgive. Janâb-i Haqq knows which offences to forgive better than everyone. These are up to the divine will, meaning they are up to Allah’s wish.

Then again, about the matter of mosques; mosques are the greatest universities on the planet. The greatest mosques are schools, and they are also the biggest parliaments in the world. They are the biggest councils in the world. They are a place of miʿraj in the presence of Allah. They are a place of knowledge (ilm) and learning (irfan). The knowledge (ilm) of the Quran is studied there, and they are also abodes of worship and knowledge (ilm). The mosques are very important. If the mosques provide a service that suits their purpose, then the structure of people, congregations (jama’ah), and the mosques will be influenced by the knowledge (ilm) that reflects from the university in the ninth heaven (arsh-i âlâ). As you know, Kaaba Sharif aligned with Bait-ul-Ma’mur. Now, mosques are connected to Baitullah, and they are branches of Baitullah and Kaaba Sharif. That is why the mosques are very important.

Abu Bakr said, “If I abide by the truth when I become the caliph, then follow me and obey me.” See, he said, “if”. He says that people are not compelled to follow him if he does not abide by the truth.

 

Time Stamp: 20:00

 

Umar also says, “If I don’t follow the truth, then straighten me.” See, elders always say things like this, and the little people impose the wrongs by portraying them as rights. Politics is to recommend patience and truth. So, what is a part of the politics in Islam? It is to recommend the truth and patience. The politics of the person who follows the true path, recommends the truth, and perseveres in the way of the truth is true politics. The politics in Islam is fair politics, and it is also Allah’s politics.

Our beloved friends! It is said that trading, and forming a circle before Namaz-e-Jumuah are called disliked, or makruh. This is under record in Tuhfe. Also, mutually reading poems has also been accepted disliked or makruh in Al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawood, and Al-Nasā’ī. Naturally, trading in the mosque is disliked because mosques are not marketplaces. If it was not disliked, then it would not be a mosque but a business. Also, forming a circle before Namaz-e-Jumuah is disliked because certain behaviours done while performing Namaz-e-Jumuah may prevent other worships. That said, exclusive actions should not disrupt the general setting. Besides, the importance of mosques was clearly seen in the Turkish War of Independence and all wars. In 1956, Britain, France, and Israel had attacked Egypt.

They were struggling with the tyrannical enemy. At that time, Muslims had organized in mosques and defended their homeland. Mosques had become much more important especially in the Turkish War of Independence because Kuva-yi Milliye movements had started in mosques when the congregation (jama’ah), and organizing had become much easier when people’s unity and integrity united with a spiritual atmosphere. That way, people could organize rather easily.

The functions of mosques are much more than what we narrate, and they are of utmost importance. Karahat is removed by need and public interest. The lecture before the khutbah completes the khutbah. There is public interest or maslahat here. Now, as you know, certain advices are given before the khutbah until the namāz time comes. See, this advice before the khutbah actually completes the khutbah.

There is a public interest here, and progress deems certain things necessary. But of course, as the conditions of the era we live in change, you are to bring forth new decrees in accord with those new conditions. Besides, Islam has the glory to encompass all conditions, the conditions that shall chance, and the conditions that have already changed. It has enough glory to put all eras on its tail.

Islam has not a problem in itself. There are problems in those who do not understand or comprehend Islam according to the conditions of time they are in. Then again, second azan in Namaz-e-Jumuah. Jurisprudence or fiqh, and other sciences (ilms). These are services to sharia (law). These are not heresy or bid’ah (deviant innovation) or etc.

As for benefit, for example, edicts, the revolution of councils, games of jihād and spear, just like Abyssinians used to do in their time of bliss. It is said that whatever completes necessity (wajib) is also necessary (wajib). Therefore, if a person has to defend his homeland in a certain way, then it is his right to defend his homeland, nation, and sacred values that way.

 

Time Stamp: 25:59

 

A nation may resort to all kinds of remedies in order to defend its homeland from occupation forces and tyrants. Whatever completes what is necessary (wajib) is also necessary (wajib). As for donations, they are to be spent for the reason they were collected. The Zakat of mining and drilling oil is 20%. Revered figures like Abu Hurairah, Abu Hanifa, and Abu Abed are present in the source of the news. The amount of zakat is humus, which is 20%, they say. Then again, it is clear that women are a means of testing. In a hadith-i sharif narrated in Bukhari Sharif it is said that the most harmful fitnah for men is women. Now, just like there are men who are deceived, there are also women who are deceived. And women who go astray and deviate from the truth, and disobey Allah and the principles of Allah, they constitute this fitnah. Fitnah is a test, and men have to pass the test in this regard. Our men and women need to be modest, wholesome, and dignified without being taken with fitnah and losing the test. Women used to come to our Prophet (asw) and ask questions. Especially women in Madinah would come freely, ask their questions, and get information. That is, the religion of Islam has offered the same of what has been offered to men in terms of knowledge (ilm) to women as well. Knowledge (ilm) is an obligation (fard) for men and women. It is important to properly raise women and make them complete mothers. That is because the sons that are to manage the states and nations are raised by mothers. What they learn from their mothers is quite important. Every mother should be raised like a sociologist, psychologist, and a philosopher for she is a mother of Islam. See, it is important to fully educate women in order to raise mother who have been equipped with sacred values of Islam. And it is also important to fully educate and raise men just like them. Knowledge (ilm) has been offered to humanity from the cradle to the grave. Knowledge (ilm) is from the cradle to the grave. You may have graduated from one to five universities but they are not valid in Islam. You need to study from the cradle to the grave. The field of knowledge (ilm) goes beyond life-time, it goes beyond time, and that is why you cannot truly remunerate our Islamic scholars (âlims). The degree of true âlims is very high in Al-Quran Al-Karim. Why? Because knowledge (ilm) is a life-time business, and you have to devote your whole life to it. Those who do not devote their whole lives to knowledge (ilm) do not get their share from true knowledge (ilm). See, some people have knowledge in one branch, but have no knowledge in other matters, and this person cannot become a true person of knowledge (âlim), he may only be a scholar in a single branch.

 

Time Stamp: 30:57

 

A Muslim should eat fruits from every branch of the tree of knowledge (ilm), and you may take fruits from one branch and leave other branches but that is not okay. Islam is such a tree of knowledge (ilm) that there is a great variety of knowledge (ilm) in every branch. The knowledge (ilm) of Al-Quran Al-Karim extends to heavens and the earth, from the depths of the earth to the ninth heaven (arsh-i âlâ), from north to south, from eternity past to eternity future. There are endless and boundless seas of knowledge (ilm) in Al-Quran Al-Karim.

About this, you need to comprehend what is literal (zahiri) at first, and the needs of the heart and soul should be completely provided. Besides, what is necessary for you will become clear from the offers of Al-Quran Al-Karim and the meanings of the verses. I am addressing you but I refer to all men and women. That is why Muslims should endeavour to raise generations with great personalities. We need to raise our children with balanced personalities.

If you spoil the child his personality will be distorted. The same will happen if you place him under pressure. We need to raise equable children. That is why it is said that the same goes for humour and pranks. Pranking toddlers will spoil them, and pranking adults will cause a grudge. That is, when pranks are not moderate or legitimate. Then again, our grand mujtahids say that the witnessing of he who continues backgammon is not accepted, and this goes for chess as well.

As everything is entrusted to competent people in the religion of Islam, competence in witnesses is also sought. Then again, the religion of Islam wants honesty and integrity in witnesses. If a person commits sins like there is no tomorrow, and if he becomes a witness one day, he may do false witnessing when he is depressed or when he sees some benefit in it for himself. Because, it is clearly seen that he is not afraid of Allah, and he does not have a licence for honesty.

There is also this narration in Bukhari Sharif: “A group will consider zinā, silk, alcohol, and music halal. They will drink alcohol, and consider it halal as well.” This narration is present in the source of Ibn Majah. It is also present in Bukhari. The narration says they will commit those things.

Says, “My ummah will commit evil, harmful things that Allah prohibited, and harams, and when they do, people from my ummah will also turn into apes and swine. They will be turned, and worthless and vile.” This narration is present in Bukhari Sharif and also in the narration that Ibn Majah narrated.

 

Time Stamp: 35:25

 

So, it means that zinā is among gravest sins in Islam. Silk is forbidden for men, and drinks are among major harams but what we refer to by drinks is intoxicating substances. That is, alcoholic drinks are khamr which means intoxicants. Therefore, the main one is wine. Also, the type of music that will corrupt morals. We are not talking about a kind of music that does not corrupt morals and even boosts people’s spiritual feelings. It is said that whenever the kind of music, games, and entertainment that corrupt morals are considered halal, and whenever people start committing harams daringly, then they will be turned into apes and swine, and they will be made low and vile. We see that in history, many Israelites from Bani Isra’il who objected to Allah and Prophets such as Isa (Jesus), Musa (Moses), and Dawood, peace be upon them, were turned into apes, swine, and mice. Al-Quran Al-Karim informs us about this news. Moreover, Muhammad gives the same warning to his people. That is why people should not meddle with abrogated, wrong, and non-beneficial things.

Now, historians say that the world has never seen a more merciful nation than Muslims. Historians say that a more merciful conquest than that of Muslims has not been seen throughout history. This is because Muslims are just even in wartime. They fight for peace and to save believers from tyrants. Their fight is not oriented at murdering people, rather it is aimed at saving humanity. That is why this confession of historians is rather important.

Now, it is not halal to frighten a believer according to Prophet Muhammad. Let alone killing a man, it is not even right to point a gun towards a person and scare him. Our Prophet prohibited that. Also, breaking bones of a dead person is like breaking bones of an alive person. This is the value attached to a human being, alive or dead. The religion of Islam attached the greatest value to humanity. The heavens and earth, this world and the next have been created for humans. Humans should know their value. That is why it is forbidden to break a bone of a dead person. This news is based on Sahih-i Muslim.

See, pointing a weapon is forbidden, and it is said that angels curse those who point weapons at people. You cannot unjustly point a weapon to a believer, or anyone else. Why does one point a weapon? That can only happen in legitimate wars. Then again, this narration that comes from Al-Bukhari is based on Bukhari Sharif.

Now, the source of the implementation is Umar ibn Khattab.

 

Time Stamp: 40:00

 

He says that a few hadd punishments were given to a drunk named Himar. Umar said, “Do not curse him for he loves Allah and the Messenger.” That is, he said people should not curse him just because a drunk man was punished. He is a drunk, but he loves Allah and the Messenger. He has made a mistake but has no denial. Umar said that, and told people not to curse him.

This is among major inspirations that grand figures of Islam received from Islam. Now, a narration from Ali as well. He says that the Kharijites are one of the groups who have the Quran only above their neck. Meaning, they recite Al-Quran Al-Karim but it is not in their hearts, according to Ali. Now, Ali is a great discoverer. You will envy his worship. He said the Kharijites may leave the religion the way an arrow leaves a bow. Kharijites are a group that make armies of Islam fight each other. The Kharijites shed blood unjustly. The exorbitance (ifrat) of the Kharijites and their attacks on Islam have caused major fitnah throughout history. Every era has its own Kharijites. Be wary of them! They wanted to cause trouble to Ali as well. That said, Ibn Muljam who attempted to assassinate Ali with a poisoned sword was a Kharijite. Therefore, one of the mentalities that misunderstood Islam is the Kharijite mentality. Our Prophet said, “Faith (iman) is inside you, but Islam is outside you.” This means that a person has the maturity of faith inside him as well as all signs of Islam outside; he has to have an Islamic life-style. See, he has to have a complete faith (iman) inside. The inner world of Muslims is faith (iman), but Islam has to shine out of them.

Meaning, it has to shine like the day in his life-style, and as a light (nūr) he has to have an enlightened soul, which will enlighten those around him. That is why when forty-two days pass on oosperm, an appointed angel who is on duty will give it shape, eyes, ears, skin, flesh, and bone. Its sex, specified time or ajal, and sustenance or rizq is decreed. The angel writes these down.

This narration is present in Sahih-i Muslim. Then again, abortion before four months is mentioned in al-Durr al-Mukhtār. It should not be performed unless there is an emergency such as a life-threatening situation. You can’t resurrect a life by taking another. This is the view of Hanafite mujtahids. You can’t resurrect a life by taking another. Everything must be done in order to save all lives, and people must use every means available to make them find life.

 

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Ibn Hazm and Zāhirīs say giving milk to the baby by other means is not valid, and that the baby has to suckle its mother’s breasts. Ibn Hazm, who is the founder of Zāhirī School says that.

There are those who say suspicion does not prevent marriage, but still, that suspicion should be investigated well, and you should not build a marriage on suspicion. Although Yusuf al-Qaradawi said that, one cannot build a home over suspicion unless reassured. Abu Dawood and Ibn Masud said that sucking is the cause of stiffening of the bones and development of tissue. That said, these are answers to the questions regarding sucking, and some say the baby has to suckle five times a day according to Maliki and Shafi’i views.

As for Hanafis, they say it is sufficient if a woman’s breast milk is fed to the baby. The Hanafi mujtahids considered this as sucking regardless of the method.

Now, after giving answers to these, let us continue with important notes on questions regarding life. In a narration that comes from Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbali and Ibn Amir, our Prophet says, “If my ummah (people) becomes so scared that they can’t say, “You are a tyrant,” to a tyrant, then they are done.” Meaning, a Muslim should be able to call a tyrant a tyrant. Now, pay attention because he actually said, “If my ummah (people) become so scared that they can’t say, “You are a tyrant,” to a tyrant, then they are done.” In that event, tyranny has encompassed the county, and became predominant, and people have bowed down to tyranny. Islam is divine justice, and it won’t bow down to tyranny.

So, what does that mean for people? It means that people have failed rather than upgrading themselves, it means that people could not raise themselves. It is like they looked at water but did not take a sip. They looked at the sea of Quran but never took a sip. They named every dish on the table but did not eat. What kind of people are they? A shepherd’s duty is to fend off wolves, but what if the wolf is the shepherd? Tyrants are like this. Shepherd protects the herd from the wolf, but if the shepherd is the wolf, then who will protect the herd from this tyrant? Only awake and conscious people can protect themselves.

People should be conscious and awake so that they may say stop to tyranny. Another narration from Sahih Muslim says that he who dies without submission dies with jahiliyyah death. It is necessary to submit to a leader who rules by Allah’s book. Now, he who rules by Allah’s decree is a true manager, a true ruler. What is referred to here is divine justice and true social justice. There has to be submission where there is true social justice.

 

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“Use their traps and weapons against them, topple down their homelands, and catch those who help them do their tyrannical affairs. I seek refuge in Allah from tyrannical politicians.”

This is very important no matter who says it. One of those who said it have wrongs as well. The one who has wrongs is Muhammad Abduh, but even he said it. So, this quote is true no matter who says it.

So, arm their traps against them and use their weapons against them. There are enemies of humanity, and they have armed traps. They set these traps for humanity, and directed their weapons toward people. What does he say? Says, “Bring their homes crashing down around them, and catch those who help them. See, Islam sides with the peace of mankind. Islam is peace. Islam is embodiment of peace, and it is its source. Islam is nothing but peace. That is why nobody has the right to disturb people’s peace. Islam has to be against whoever does that. Yes, Islam is against them, but we should also see whether those who call themselves Muslims are against them. But of course, we do not have slightest doubt that those who know and live Islam correctly are world’s best cadre.

Moreover, Muslim’s narration says: “Best ruler is he who is loved by the real ummah. And those who love you, and those for whom you pray, and they pray for you.” A real ruler prays for his people and his people pray for him; they are pleased with each other. This is how our Prophet stated the attributes of a true ruler in Sahih Muslim. What is it? Let me repeat. “The rulers that are truly loved by people…” So, who is the real ummah? It is those who know and live Islam well. It is those who do not side with tyrants and stay away from disbelief (kufr), polytheism (shirk), and their order. See, “The rulers who are loved by the real ummah, those who love you, and when you pray for them, they pray for you too,” he says. A real ruler loves his people, and his people love him. That state and nation will prevail with these two kinds of love. If the ruler takes revenge on his people… If he takes revenge on his citizens and imposes certain things upon them, then that ruler is not from that nation. That nation must bring that ruler down. Those who love their nation, and those whom the nation loves. These two kinds of love must knit together and justice must be ensured. Those who love their nation and humanity are not imposers, rather they are realists. The truth and sound understanding (aql-e-saleem) will come together. The way of sound understanding (aql-e-saleem), complete understanding (aql-e-kamil), and obedient intellect (aql-e-maad) is one. The truth leads to Allah. It is the right way. It is the straight path (sirat al-mustaqim) that Allah has drawn. Those who ostracize this way have nothing to offer to humanity. That is why the worst rulers are those whom you don’t like, those who do not like you; and those whom you curse, and those who curse you.

 

Time Stamp: 55:00

 

He forces his way up and imposes. He took an opportunity with a full junta with full tyranny, and no matter what you call them they have various examples in the world. I do not think it would behoove myself to say their names. Therefore, it is said that the rulers who take revenge on their nation, who curse their nation, and who is cursed by nation are the worst type of rulers.

See, what did the coup plotters do? They removed things people loved and imposed on them things they dislike. This leads to destruction. This divides and segregates the nation. There won’t be a real rulership as long as personal gains and personal impositions come to the fore despite nationalism and patriotism.

Real management is for the better good of everyone. It should be. Those who exploit the world at the expense of blood and tears, such as Pharaohs, Hamans, and Karuns; and capitalists who bleed humanity dry with illegitimate actions are on one side, and those who paralyze themselves and humanity are on the other side. Who are they? They are those who forcefully impose a red system on the world.

There is a better system. There is one that is better than all that is good. What is it? It is divine justice, which consists of faith (iman), the Quran, good deeds (amal-e-saleh), mercy, social justice, knowledge (ilm), learning (irfan) and science that Allah brought forth. We should abide by them, and this way hearts and souls may be conquered. Mutual love will encompass each other. Justice will be manifested, and a national spirit will occur. Nobody can topple down a state that is founded with national spirit. These are the nations and states that will bring peace to the world.

That is why our Prophet said that the nations who can’t say, “You are a tyrant,” to tyrants are done. This narration is present in Al-Musnad, Al-Dhahabi, and Al-Haythami. “Those who accept tyrannical rulers and support them are not from me,” says our Prophet. What does he say? He says that those who accept tyrannical rulers and support them are not from him. This quote is narrated on the authority of Al-Haythami and Al-Zawa’id. “Those who divided have been destroyed,” the authenticity of this hadith-i sharif is agreed upon. Those who divided have been destroyed. Nobody has the right to divide the Islamic nation which is Ummat-i Muhammad. Those who divide are segregators, and cast a slur on social justice fall into disunity, and they all have been destroyed according to our Prophet. Also, it is said that the authenticity of this hadith-i sharif is agreed upon. That is, it is said that all hadith scholars agree upon this hadith, and those who know Islam and the source of the matter all agree upon the authenticity of this hadith. Now, let us see what Umar said when he was injured.

 

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He says, “Protect the ahlul dhimma,” which is one of his last wills.

Editor’s note: The term ahlul dhimma refers to non-Muslims who live in the Islamic State.

Now, Umar was heavily injured, and he was about to pass away. As he was completing his 10^th year as a caliph, a lunatic who was hostile to justice and truth, who was a dog who leash was in the hands of tyrants assassinated Umar while he was praying (namāz) in the mosque. So, do you know what was Umar’s last will? He said his last will as he was heavily injured and was about to pass away; he had no feeling of revenge because he had justice in him even as he was dying. Umar said, “Protect ahlul dhimma,” even in that situation. Now, who is ahlul dhimma? They are non-Muslims such as Christians, Jews and everyone else who lived under the sovereignty of Islam. He told people to protect them. Islam has protected ahlul dhimma the way it protected its people throughout 14 centuries. Islam protected them as long as it was predominant. It was when Islamic States were toppled down by non-Islamic people that the number of problems in the world increased. See, Muslims could not live among other nations up until the last 50 years. Why couldn’t they live among them? See, this is because the mercy, justice, and reality of Islam does not exist in anyone else. Islam is nothing but truth and reality. Islam is a table of rahmat-i rahman for all humanity, and it is Allah’s social justice. Janâb-i Haqq has given a respite for humanity, and implemented it with Islam. People left ahlul dhimma who were non-Muslim nations free, and put them under protection. We see Umar saying this at the point of death. He said, “Protect ahlul dhimma.”

Do you know what our Prophet did? He mentioned all slaves and jariya (slave girls) in his last will. He told people to give them complete freedom and treat them well. Islam is a whole, and every good is present in Islam. Whatever you are looking for is present in Islam. That is why let us have a look. Our Prophet is related to every nation in the world, they are all his kin. People should know that. Prophet Muhammad is not a stranger to other nations just because he was sent to Arabs. The reason he was sent to Arabs is not because he was an Arab, it is because he was from the lineage of Ishmael (a.s.) and Abraham (a.s.). Is Abraham (a.s.) an Arab? Is Ishmael (a.s.) an Arab?

Therefore, Prophet Muhammad has relation and kinship with all nations of the world. His father’s side is clear, and one of the great grandfathers of Muhammad was Ishmael (a.s.). Do you know where Ishmael’s mother was from? She was from Egypt. Then again, our mother Maria and our mother Hajar were also from Egypt. Therefore, our Prophet is related to both Greeks and Jews. There are also branches that extend towards all nations, but do you know which one of them are the firmest?

 

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These are nations that followed Prophet Muhammad, and foremost among those did comes Arabs and Turks. Every nation was given Prophets, but who are the majority of Muslims in the world? That would be Arabs and Turks. So, they were lucky in this regard by Allah’s leave, and the gates of this have been opened to all nations, for he is the Prophet of all nations. So, whose fault is it if you don’t become a Muslim? It is your fault, for this is a manifestation of Janâb-i Haqq’s rahmat. You say you do not accept it, then suit yourself.

Now, let us look at Umar entering a house and catching the drunk person, and what the drunk person has said. See how Umar takes what the drunk person says. Do you know what this drunk person quoted? He quoted the verses of the Quran, and Umar was not prejudiced against the drunk and he listened, he valued him and told him not to drink again. He admonished him and then he went outside.

Dear friends, what should we understand from this? So, it means that even if a drunk says something true and haqiqa, it is still correct. It would not be right to deny the truths that spilled from his mouth because Islam always accepts what is right and real. So, it doesn’t matter who has the truth. A man who glorifies Allah may say wrong things, but if he glorifies well but speaks wrong things, then his wrongs are not to be accepted. Do you think his wrongs will be right just because he glorified Allah? No, it will not. So, a person has drunk alcohol and committed a haram, but he said true things. Okay, what he did is wrong. It is wrong for him to drink wine but the truths he said are still correct. So, it means that it is an obligation upon people and foremost Muslims to distinguish between what is right and wrong.

Now, it is said that the following are prerequisites of preventing evil. If it is certain that an evil act is haram, then it should be prevented. If it is committed openly, which also harms other people, but if it is committed openly it should be prevented because it harms other people. Also, you need to have the resources and power to prevent them. An army and a government are needed here. If an evil act is going to lead to even greater devastation, then whichever option brings lesser harm should be chosen and acted upon. If you are able to fully prevent any harm, and otherwise it will grow into something bigger, then you should take everything into consideration, but there are such evil deeds that they may be resolved by action, and they may also be resolved by conversation. If a hand or a tongue may fulfil that duty, then in that event what is necessary should be done. If you are unable to use your hands or tongue, then you should at least not participate in evil with your heart. Hating it from your heart is the lesser faith (iman), but if one does not hate it from the heart and participates in that evil deed, then there is no faith (iman) in him. This is because saying that haram is halal will not leave any faith (iman) in a person. Also, if a person says that haram is halal, and considers evil good in a matter which is absolutely haram, then it won’t leave any faith (iman) in that person.

 

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Haram is haram. You can’t call haram halal. When you say something haram is haram, you actually object to what Allah said. You object to Allah, which is not good.

Yes, my dearest friends!

Then again, referring back to the 23^rd verse of Surah al-Tawbah [9], “Do not befriend fathers or brothers who disbelieve (kufr).” If your father is a disbeliever, or if your brother is a disbeliever, then you should not befriend them not because you are not friendly towards them but because they will not be friendly towards you. That is why it is said that you should not befriend them. Now, you should befriend those who are friendly. Besides, let alone fathers or brothers, the Muslims are friendly to the whole world. But if a father or a brother is a disbeliever, and if they are strongly against faith (iman) and Islam, which people of disbelief (kufr) are, and if they have attack Islam, then it becomes impossible for a believer to befriend them. Al-Quran Al-Karim has forbidden it. You should know who your friends are. It is said that if they are people of disbelief (kufr), then even a father or a brother cannot be a friend. It says you should not befriend them and this is not because you are not friendly. So, even if it is your father or brother, or a faithless person (ahlul kufr), a Muslim or a non-Muslim, you may still meet their needs and be good towards them. However, do not expect them to be friendly, and do not take them as friends but help them. This is not because you are not friendly, but because those who are against you are not friendly.

Dear friends, we look at the 22^nd verse of Surah al-Mujadilah [58], and see truths just like we see them in all verses. The word fitnah means, “testing a person with hardship and pain.”

“Fitnah is graver than killing.” See the 217^th verse of Surah al-Baqarah [2]: “Fitnah is graver than killing.”.

The hodja recites a part of the 191^st verse of Surah al-Baqarah [2] and then he recites a part of the 217^th verse which both contain the aforementioned translation of verse.

That said, there is the following situation in the world. Now, people are tested in a great variety of ways in the world. See, Marxism is a test, and so is Laicism. See, there are mentalities and some of them want to remove religion from society and the world. These are, one by one, trials. The world fitnah here is used for tests. If these mentalities or similar ones want to remove religion from society and the world, then all of them are major tests. Every faithful person has to pass this test like the bravest lions. You have to live faithfully against them, and live by your justice, and still be a friend of humanity. However, you should also know who is unfriendly. They draw people towards Jahannam. Now, what do those who wish to remove religion from life and society do?

 

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They draw people towards Jahannam. See the hadith of Huzeyfe (r.a.). Our Prophet said, “Period of good, followed by period of evil, and then period of good again.” That is what our Prophet said in the narration of Huzeyfe-tül Yemâni. He said, “period of good,” for his own period. He also said there will be a period of evil later. He then said a period of good will come again. Our Prophet said, “A life-style other than may sunnah (customs) is a period of evil.”

That is, Janâb-i Haqq has implemented the divine order in the world by Prophet Muhammad. It is said that the lives of those who neglect this are bad, and the ages in which they are predominant in the world are ages of evil.

Our beloved Prophet also says that they are from out nation, and they speak our tongue. See, he says that these people of evil period are from out nation, and they speak out tongue. So, do not conform to fitnah. No matter who they are, don’t you ever conform to fitnah. Do not be subject to fitnah, nor support it.

Hasan al-Basri also says, “Those who do not judge by what Almighty Allah has sent down are wrongdoers (zalimun).” Besides, Janâb-i Haqq says that in Surah al-Maidah and similar verses. What did Janâb-i Haqq call those who do not judge by what Allah has sent down in the Torah and the Bible during the periods of Musa (Moses) and Isa (Jesus) which are periods even before Islam? Allah said they are zalimun, kāfirin, and fāsiqūn. Ibn-i Abbas said that it is necessary to call those who do not judge by it even though they believe flagrant sinners (fāsiqūn).

That is why, dearest friends! When we correctly learn Al-Quran Al-Karim from its own source, then surely Al-Quran Al-Karim and its principles embrace all humanity. It brings mercy and social justice for all humanity. If humanity words for this, everyone will win. Those who do not will lose, which is a pity.

Azrail (a.s.) will come to all of us and take us all and take us away. There is nobody left from previous eras, Azrail (a.s.) has taken all of them. He will take us away as well, and the ones who will come after us. So, everyone should get their heads straight! We only spread the word and remind you for we do not impose. We are not among those who impose. Our fundamental (asl-i) duties are to remind you, spread the word, and announce the truth.

Friends, somebody asked, “What is salvation,” and our Beloved Prophet said, “It is with Al-Quran Al-Karim. So, hold fast to the Quran and my Sunnah.” That is narrated on the authority of Al-Tirmidhī. Then again, there is a narration that comes from Ali. He said that the judgments of methodology âlims are general, and they are to judge by what has been sent down.” Meaning, there was the Bible before Al-Quran Al-Karim, and before the Bible there was the Torah, and before it there were the Scriptures, but Al-Quran Al-Karim which incorporates and renews them all has come, and brought forth the sharia (law) of Islam.

 

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Unless the Muslims of the world positively implement this in their lives, they will not have lived Islam. The divine commands and laws must be implemented in creed (itiqad), worship (ibadat), morals (akhlaq), and jurisprudence. Let us see what methodology âlims who are legal âlims of Islam say. They say, the judgment is general, and we shall judge by what Allah has sent down. They say the judgment is general even if the cause is specific. Huzeyfe-tül Yemâni said, “Muslims are going to follow the way of ahlul kitab and deviate.”

Now, he said they will aspire to Christians and Jews. He also said that Muslims will deviate the day they aspire to them. See, he says that Muslims will deviate when they abandon Al-Quran Al-Karim, when they abandon the Sunnah, and when they abandon Allah and the Messenger. They aspire to certain people on earth and do that for the sake of civilization or contemporaneity. There won’t be civilization or contemporaneity out of true science where there is no benefit. Science and benefit are already present in Islam, these are abundantly present. Besides, what sets the world into motion is Islam itself.

Now, let us see what our Prophet said in a hadith-i sharif narrated by Huzeyfe-tül Yemâni. He said, “Muslims will follow the way of non-Muslims and ahlul kitab, and they will deviate.” See, Al-Quran Al-Karim has also informed us of the state of those who do not judge by what Allah has sent down. Some of them are people who work to destroy all there is in the name of the religion.

Some of them do not judge by it even though they believe, and some of them do not do justice even though they believe. Janâb-i Haqq informed us about all three of them in Al-Quran Al-Karim. Those who do not judge by it because they believe have disbelief (kufr) because they do not believe. As for those who do not judge by it though they believe, they are wrongdoers (zalimun). See, he believes but does not judge correctly, and he does not judge properly. He acts according to his sweet will, and they are the fāsiqūn – open sinners. He said this is a narration that suits the prerequisites of Bukhari and Muslim. See, he said that this hadith-i sharif narrated by Huzeyfe-tül Yemâni is one that suits the prerequisites of Bukhari and Muslim. Some of them bind us as well. Al-Tabari deems it necessary.

Now, what is disbelief (kufr)? They say it is denial of the religion. We see a denial if people are judged by man-made laws instead of what the Real (al-Haqq) has sent down in regards to crimes such as thievery, unlawful sexual relation or zinā, or slander and if man-made laws are valued above Allah’s judgment; they are wrongdoers (zalimun), and flagrant sinners (fāsiqūn) because justice is not fulfilled. Allah’s judgement is where nass (canon) is present. Allah’s justice is where true justice is present.

 

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Now, some people claim they ensure true justice. However, there is Allah’s decree where there is true justice. Nobody can deny that, but theirs is false justice. They do not have true justice but false one, and if they portray false justice as true justice, then Allah’s decree is not present there. There is no justice where Allah’s decree and Allah’s justice are not present, there is only tyranny. Now, let me repeat. If there is true justice, then there is Allah’s decree.

Al-Tabari says that this is only denial of the 44th verse of Surah al-Maidah [5], not the fundamentals (amantu), and some other people also said that. However, no matter which definitive judgment you deny; partial rejection is equal to total rejection.

Rashid Rida also says, “The disbelief or kufr of judges also makes them abandon the law-makers, makes them kāfir because they manage the judges who adjudicate.”

Ibn-i Abbas also said that it is necessary to distinguish between he who denies and he who does not adjudicate even though he believes.

 

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 Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 232

 

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

There is a narration. Now, it is said that disciples (hawâriyyûn), friends, and helpers should struggle against those who say they do not, but do the opposite of the command. Now, who are disciples (hawâriyyûn)? They are friends and helpers in the way of Allah. They are people who are in the way of Allah. They endeavour to ensure Allah’s justice and progress of Islam. It is said that when those who say they do not but do the opposite of the command emerge, they should struggle against them. Those who struggle against them are believers. Our Prophet said that there is no faith (iman) beyond this, not even as much as a mustard seed. This narration is narrated on the authority of Sahih-i Muslim and Ibn-i Masud. It is said that the mujaddid of the first century of Islam is Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz. This is narrated on the authority of Fathul Qadir.  It is said that the pearl of Umar ibn al-Khattāb is sharper than the Sword of Hajjaj. Why did they say this? This is because Umar was a complete example of justice. He was completely just, and he was a complete farooq (wise). That is why they say even his pearl is sharper than the Sword of Hajjaj. Hajjaj was a tyrant, he was not just. He would use his sword unjustly. He shed so much blood, he tormented people. As for Umar, he ensured justice. Look at those who act in the name of Islam, if the justice of Islam is not present there, then they are tyrants who use Islam for personal gain. Tyrants live in Islam as well. All rulers or managers who are not sided with the justice of Islam are tyrants. That is why there are blind and mute authors and painters who criticize Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz and praise Hajjaj. See, they criticize Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, but they praise Hajjaj who was a tyrant. They are deaf, and they are harmful. It is said that these blind and deaf authors and painters are harmful. See, this type of people praise the tyrants.

Dearest friends!

In order to always be on the side of truth and justice, one has to know the truth and justice himself. He must have established these holy values in himself. Can you expect a crow to behave like a nightingale? Can a crow become a hawk? Can a craw become a nightingale? A crow will go up to carrion and make a sound, then it likes its own voice, and when crows gather about, they will elect the one that makes the most sound as their leader. Do you know what happens when competent people lose their positions? Evil people will gather support, and circumstances will change the moment they do. Then, there won’t be any competent people around, and people will think ignorant people are competent. Only then they will call a nightingale a hawk and they will not let you listen to the sound of nightingales, rather they will sell crow’s sound to you saying it is nightingale sound. They impose the crow’s sound upon you and force you to listen to it and accept it as a nightingale sound. States, nations, and individuals will suffer a lot when tyrants and imperialists, and those who devour the blood of the world become predominant.

 

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Humanity himself is to blame here as well. That is, those who support the tyrants because they strengthen the tyrant’s hand, and they will have tyrannized themselves. This is like a cat that bites its own tail. When a cat bites its own tail it thinks it belongs to someone else and continues to bite it, in the end it will scream and run around. Do you see the pattern? You have supported a tyrant; therefore, you bit your own tail. O, he who supports the tyrant! That is why we should be careful and distinguish between right and wrong. We need to know about what is right and real.

Therefore, dear friends: “Break chains and curses, and attain your freedom.” What is being said here? It is said that you should break chains and curses, and attain your freedom. So, in order to break curses, break chains, and attain freedom, you need to be sided with right and reality. You should be a supporter of right and reality. You need to be on the side of knowledge (ilm), science, sound intellect (aql-e-saleem), social justice, and the mercy and love that embraces humanity. Only then will these things happen. An âlim is a protector (hami) who protects society and individuals, meaning he is a warm and merciful friend. He is also like a doctor, but not every doctor is a protector (hami). Still, every doctor has to become a protector (hami), they should. They should treat their patients with utmost mercy, and try to do their best and seek cure and methods of treatment. If a doctor is unable to think of his patients the way he thinks of his own life, then that doctor is not a protector (hami), he is not a friend either. He is only materialist, and he keeps working for the sake of formality. He treats the patient for money and he is more of an actor rather than a doctor.

However, every doctor has to be a protector (hami), friend, and merciful because patients squirm with pain. It is necessary to use every means possible and help him, and try to treat him. A doctor is to show mercy with his practice, and others will show mercy to the sick, needy, orphans, poor and needy people with whatever they can, and lend a helping hand. They are to lend a hand of mercy and love because Islam is nothing but mercy and love. In order to learn Islam from its own source, let us see what Imam al-Shafi’i says: “It is obligatory to learn Arabic.” Ibn Taymiyyah agrees with him. Husayn Ahmad Amin al-Musavver is the person who slandered faqīhs (experts of fiqh). There are people who have not heard about the methodology, principle, and criteria of knowledge (ilm). That is why nobody has the right to speak ill about our faqīhs. We have mujtahid faqīhs who are jurists of Islam.

 

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Dearest friends! In practice, all four of the Four Schools are perfect. Also, Maturidi and Ash’ari ecoles are perfect in terms of theology. That is why no one has the right to criticize anyone. Bring forward the truths you know. If they are accepted, they are accepted. If not, then you have no right to flatter yourself by criticizing others. In order for you to criticize figures like Al-Imam Al-Azam, Imam al-Maliki, Imam al-Shafi’i, Imam al-Hanbali, and Imam al-Maturidi as well as Imam al-Ash’ari, you need to be at least on par with them. They acquired this knowledge while the iron was hot. Al-Imam Al-Azam and Imam al-Malik have witnessed the Islam that is lived today. They have witnessed Islam which our Prophet implemented in various settings and different circumstances. They witnessed what happened. They learned it while the iron was hot. Now, there are hadiths about what happened. There are also things that were not committed to paper, and they are known by Al-Imam Al-Azam and Imam al-Malik whose ecoles are grand, and they are filled to the brim with learned people (ulama) and mujtahids. That said, the Period of Tabi’un have also witnessed the Islam that has been lived. Everything about Islam is firm, so do not speak ill! I am talking about the wrongs I see. If someone else tells me my mistakes, then I will be thankful.

 

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–          The End        –

 

 Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 233

 

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Let me pause our conversation a little bit with the following quote from Ali, karramallahu wajhah, radeyallahu anhum. Ali says, “The treachery, malice, and enmity of the hearts are visible through their facial features and twisting of their tongues.” We see that he is an excellent discoverer. This is only one of many signs that he is a real Islamic scholar (âlim). He is a grand individual.

 

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–          The End        –

Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 234

 

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Dearest audience,

Many minor and major signs will manifest themselves as the Hour draws near as competence weakens and morals shatter in the world. Let us talk about some of those signs.

Our Prophet said, “Abidance to entrustment will be no more.” These are narrations from our Prophet. He said, “Abidance to entrustment will be no more, and evil people will be predominant. Alcohol and usury will be manifest. People abide by their wives and revolt against their mothers.” But of course, that does not happen when the wife is on the legitimate path. That does not happen when husbands and men are on the legitimate path. “They revolt against mothers.”

How can you do that? Regardless of who she is, a mother is a mother. Muslim mothers are in the way of Allah, they are in the right path. Mothers are out and out sacred. It is said that Janna (Paradise) is under the feet of mothers. What is meant here is that you should receive the prayers (duas) of your mother and father. You should be very nice to them, be good to them, and work for their happiness without knitting your eyebrows or saying as much as an ‘ugh!”. You cannot pay back what they have done for you.

Now, those who rebel against their mothers, those who submit to illegitimate requests of their views, those who do not give zakat (alms-giving), those who recite Al-Quran Al-Karim chantingly but do not act upon it; and flattering and accepting everyone in order to save themselves from their evil. These are also signs of the Hour. See, people start polishing the apple for everyone in order to protect themselves from their evil. They will flatter and praise the truths as well as wrongs, these are signs of the Hour. Morality of young people will be distorted, and fisq and fujur (committing sins and revolting against Allah) will occur. The subsequent generations will blame former âlims with ignorance.

They become big-headed. They overstepped the limit. They are distant from the truth, but they do not like true âlims, and they blame them with ignorance. You will see these if you look at the world we live in now.

“Bid’ah become common, and those who are called scholars will not have any faith (iman).”

Editor’s note: Bid’ah means deviant innovation.

Why? You think those people are scholars, except for some. Naturally, the exceptions never break the rule, and we are not talking against them. There are so many people who call themselves scholars who do not believe in Allah.

“Abiding by Islam is considered shameful, and despised by people. Those who are good to everyone are considered morons.”

These are signs of the Hour, which is Qiyamah.

Abiding by Islam is accepted as hard as holding fire with bare hands.

Yet Islam itself is a paradise, it is the paradise of the world.

“The flagrant sinners (fāsiqūn) become assertive. Mosques are used for other purposes that do not suit its original purpose. They start using mosques. ‘Al amr bil-ma’ruf wa nahi anil-munkar’ is gone, and sins are encouraged.”

Editor’s note: Al amr bil-ma’ruf wa nahi anil-munkar’ is to bid what is right and forbid what is wrong.

These are among the signs of the Hour, which is Qiyamah. That is why humanity is always in need of valuable leaders. The world needs siddiq (trustworthy) and farooq (wise) people who adhere to true modesty, manners, and education. People need to blush with shame against Allah.

 

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There is a need for knowledge (ilm) and learning (wisdom), and in this matters Abu Bakr was the head of siddiqs (trustworthy people), and Umar was the head of farooqs (wise people), and Uthman was an embodiment of modesty, and Ali was an embodiment of scholarship and bravery. There have been figures like them, and every era seeks and longs for figures who are close to them even if they are not exactly like them. That is why dearest friends, there is the following news from our Prophet in a hadith-i sharif narrated also by Abu Hurairah: “Abstain from the prohibitions of the religion of Islam, and fulfil its obligations,” he said and added, “Only then will be among those who worship most.” Be pleased with the bounties or nimat that Allah gave you as requital of your legitimate work, and you will be among people who are content who have abundant peace, and who have richest heart.

 

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–          The End        –

Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 235

 

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Dearest, and most revered audience,

Janâb-i Haqq has brought forth all kinds of right (haqq) and enlightening (nūr) knowledge for us with Islam, the Quran, and Prophet Muhammad. Now, let us see how Janâb-i Haqq makes Iblīs (the Devil) talk so that this may be an object lesson for humanity. One day, Janâb-i Haqq has sent Iblīs (the Devil) to the Prophet. This is because Iblīs (the Devil) cannot come by itself. That said, there is nothing Janâb-i Haqq is unable to do or make someone do because Janâb-i Haqq is the possessor of authority and holy omnipotence (qudrah).

One day, our beloved Prophet was sitting with his companions (ashab) when Iblīs (the Devil) knocked on the door.

Then, our Prophet said, “It is Iblīs (the Devil) who knocks the door.”

Upon that, Umar immediately said, “Let me use my sword.”

However, our Prophet did not allow him for he said, “Umar, stop! Don’t you know that he has been granted a respite for a specified time until the Hour by Allah Ta’ala? So, stop with the killing.” Then, he said, “Open the door for he must have received permission to come here,” and he added, “Try to carefully listen to what he has to say and try to understand,” because Janâb-i Haqq stages all kinds of noteworthy scenes.

Also, if there is an exemplary news in Islamic sources, then pay attention to it and try to understand and comprehend well! It will certainly shed good light on you. It may save you from dangers, and the rahmat that encompasses you with many benefits and happiness may be manifested. People who do not know their friends and foes cannot become successful in life. The religion of Islam is to live in Allah’s protection and friendship. This encompasses knowing your friends and foes, and knowing those who are hostile towards the Quran, Sunnah, Islam, Allah, and the Prophet. It is to know what is good and evil, as well as to distinguish between right and wrong.

Now, let us see how Janâb-i Haqq makes Iblīs talk.

Our Prophet asked the Shaitan: “O he who is cursed! Who are your companions?” he said to Iblīs, the Shaitan.

The Shaitan said, “My friends are those who devour usury. Those who endeavour to make rich even richer and poor even poorer, and those who devour usury are my companions.”

Our Prophet asked, “Okay, and who are your closest friends?”

The Shaitan replied, “My closest friends are those who do zinā (illicit intercourse).”

Our Prophet asked, “Who are your bedfellows?”

He said, “Drunks.”

Our Prophet asked, “Who are your guests,” to the Shaitan.

He said, “Thieves.”

Our Prophet asked again to Iblīs, the Shaitan, “Who are your envoys?”

He said, “My envoys are sorcerers.”

Our Prophet asked, “In your eyes, what is best?”

He said, “Divorcing a woman.”

Our Prophet asked, “Who is your beloved?”

He said, “Those who abandon the Friday prayer (ṣalāt al-jumu‘ah) are my beloved.”

 

Time Stamp: 5:00

 

Our Prophet asked, “What breaks your heart?”

Iblīs said, “The whinnying of the horses that go to jihād for the pleasure of Allah! Your fighters,” he said and added, “They break my heart.”

He said, “Iblīs will be broken, buckled, and miserable if he sees those who perform jihād in the way of Allah, and when he sees people doing benevolent service.”

Our Prophet asked, “And what wastes away your body?”

“The repentance of those who repent wastes away my body,” said Iblīs.

Our Prophet asked, “And what inflames your liver?”

He said, “Frequent seeking of Allah’s forgiveness by night and day will inflame my liver and rot it.

Our Prophet asked, “What embarrasses you?”

He said, “Sadaqah (alms) given in secret ruins me, and turns my face becomes unrecognizable.”

Our Prophet asked to Iblīs, “What blurs your vision?”

He said, “Namāz performed at night.”

Our Prophet asked, “What bridles your head?”

He said, “Namāz performed with congregation (jama’ah) bridles my head, and I cannot stand it at all.”

You see valuable friends!

This goes on and on, and sheds light on life. Islam is a complete mirror of life, and shows you all truths from azal to abad, and sheds light. We should fully benefit from these lights, and be enlightened.

 

Time Stamp: 7:22

 

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Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 236

 

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Our beloved Prophet asked the following question to the Shaitan. He asked, “Who do you hate?” Naturally, he hates our Prophet foremost because he is hostile towards Allah and the Messenger.

Iblīs told our Prophet, “The person I hate most is you.” See, evil powers, foremost the Shaitan or Iblīs do not like people of faith (iman) and our Prophet.

Our Prophet asked again, “Who else do you hate?”

He said, “Young people who worship. I hate the devoted youth who dedicate themselves to worship.” See, the Shaitan said he hates if he sees a young person in the right path.

He also said, “I hate pious âlims. I hate a patient pauper, and a thankful rich man. I hate those who spend their wealth in the right path.” He said, “Namāz afflicts me with trembling, and I do not like those who perform namāz because sajdah (prostration) raises those who perform namāz. That is why I do not like those who perform namāz. He said, “Fasting makes me fettered until iftar, that is why I do not like those who fast.” He said, “I become insane when they make the pilgrimage (hajj), and I do not like true pilgrims (hajji). He said Al-Quran Al-Karim wastes me away.” He said, “I do not like those who recite Al-Quran Al-Karim as is due. He said, “Sadaqah (alms) will cut me in half. That is why I do not like those who give sadaqah (alms) in the way of Allah.” He said that he dislikes generous people.

 

Time Stamp: 2:09

 

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Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 237

 

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Our Prophet asked Iblīs about Abu Bakr.

He said, “Abu Bakr did not submit to me before, he will not submit to me now. I have no influence on Abu Bakr.”

Our Prophet asked the Shaitan, “What say you about Umar?”

“I flee from him when I see him. I swear I do not want to encounter him,” said the Shaitan.

Our Prophet asked, “What say you of Uthman?”

He said, “I feel ashamed in his presence.”

Our Prophet asked, “What say you of Ali?”

“He won’t leave me alone, and I can’t escape him,” said the Shaitan.

Then, our beloved Prophet praised Allah.

Iblīs said, “I will tempt your ummah, except for sincerely devoted Muslims. I am only unable to tempt sincerely devoted servants (qul) of Allah.” Iblīs said, “That is, those who not cherish wealth and flattery.”

“Sincere people with ihlas do things only for Allah in everything they do. That is why they do not cherish wealth and flattery. This is because Allah’s love is predominant in sincere people of ihlas. Those who use their position and chair for flattery and conceit cannot become people of ihlas, however those who use position and chair for service in the way of Allah are people of ihlas,” said Iblīs. Iblīs said he is unable to tempt them.

Iblīs also said, “I have 70.000 children, and each of them has 70.000 more. I assign my own soldiers, my own children to the learned man (ulama), young people, sheikhs, old people, and women. As for the young men, we are on good terms. As for children who are away from Islam, and children who are not able to understand, I use them however I want. My children play with them as they choose.”

See, Iblīs said that he has 70.000 children, and each of them has 70.000 more. Iblīs says the number of his children in total is 70.000 times 70.000. He says that they play with our children. He says he gets along well with young people and children. Iblīs says they make them swear to causes. Iblīs says the sincerity or ihlas of worshippers and ascetics go away because he makes them swear to causes, and he also says that this is what his cadre does.

Iblīs says that prayers (duas) of monk Barisa who sincerely worshipped for 70 years were accepted, and that he deceived him. Iblīs says he fornicated, murdered, and disbelieved.

“Liars are my friends,” he said, the Shaitan said this. He says that whoever swears falsely is his beloved. He says he deceived Adam and Hawwa (Eve) with lies. The Shaitan continues to speak, and says slander and defamation are his fruits. He says every time a person gossips and slanders he will put a fruit in his mouth. He says that every gossip is his fruit and his delight.

 

Time Stamp: 5:02

 

Iblīs says he makes people say things that lead to divorce, and makes them swear to divorce, and then children of adultery are born.

See, this is because marriage is finished with talaq or divorce, and when they beget children, they are children of adultery.

Iblīs says he makes so many people swear to divorce, thus ending their marriage and faith, and children of adultery are born, and they will go to Jahannam (Hell), and thus the cadre that obeys him is born.

Iblīs says he whispers wicked suggestions (waswas) to those who perform namāz. He says he does not want them to perform namāz, and if they do, he will whisper wicked suggestions (waswas) to them, or try to make them put off the prayer so that they may perform it at another time.

“If he defeats me, I send him a devil of mankind. Many people who do not live Islam are my shaitan friends, they are of my cadre,” he says. He also says, “If I still can’t win, I will sent him a devil of mankind.”

“I will stroke his face with my hand, kiss him between his eyes, and disturb him. I will make him look left and right, this way the namāz he performed will be fling back in his face, and it will not be accepted of him. I make him hurry while perform the namāz so he rushes through it, and his namāz will count for nothing.”

Do you know who says all that? Iblīs, the Shaitan says it.

“I make him raise his head before the imam and lower his head before the imam,” said Iblīs. Another hadith-i sharif says that their faces will be turned into that of an ass, and Iblīs will play with them as they perform namāz.

Iblīs says, “My praise is to crack the knuckles during the namāz. I blow into his nose until he yawns during the namāz. If he does not close his mouth, a devil enters his stomach and make him submissive to me.”

Iblīs says, “I go to the poor and the sick, and deceive them according to circumstance and make them abandon the namāz. I deceive the poor in one way, and deceive the sick in another way. I deceive them according to circumstance and make them abandon the namāz one by one. Allah is angry with them. I make one in six of them abandon the religion.”

Shaitan says, “Abandon the namāz and find felicity.” Now, The Shaitan tells so many people to abandon the namāz and find felicity. And people do not know that this satanic whisper (waswas) they feel in them is from the Shaitan, and they abandon the namāz. Says that the Shaitan is the stingiest, and he is the worst bandit.

Iblīs says, “The council of the learned (ulama) distracts me from my work. I cannot succeed against the learned (ulama) in any way.”

Iblīs says, “I eat with the fingers of my left hand. The Shaitan says he eats with his left hand, and with the tip of his fingers. I shelter my children in the fingernails. I have a share in fingernails, wealth, and children of mankind. I have a share in all haram children without basmalah.

 

Time Stamp: 9:29

 

 

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Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 238

 

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Beloved friends,

Iblīs said, “Children begotten without basmalah are mine, they obey me, and I become associated at that moment.” He says, “People who go down the wrong way are my companions.” He says, “I will board his vehicles, even if he has a plane, I will board it.” He says, “Those who go down the wrong way are my companions whether they are at sea, on land, or in air, and I will board their vehicles.” He says, “Bathhouses are my homes. Marketplaces are my masjid. Poems are my book. Songs and hymns are my azan. Drunkards are my bedfellows. Qadariyah people and those who deny qadar or fate are my helpers. Lavish people who waste are my brothers. I see them but they do not see me.”

Iblīs said, “O Muhammad (asw)! Those with me are more numerous.”

Iblīs also said, “I have a son whom I call Atama; he urinates in the ear of the worshiper if he sleeps through the evening prayer. I have a son whom I call Mutaqadi; he tells others about people’s secret deeds. Thus, only ninety-nine of the hundred sawāb is left. And I have a son whom I call Kahil; he prevents people from listening to khutbah, sermon, and advice. He meddles with the congregation (jama’ah), those who perform namāz, and those who listen to sermons so that they may not get their share of the sermon, advice, and the Quran. I make some of them talk, make some of them sleep, but I will not make them listen to that sermon and advice. One of my sons is assigned for this duty,” he said. Naturally, there are assigned soldiers with him. There are soldiers of Iblīs the Shaitan and one of his sons named Kahil has been appointed as their leader.

 

Time Stamp: 2:52

 

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Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 239

 

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

What does he say? He says “He lines the eyes of the people so that people may not perform the night namāz.” He says “I do not want people to perform night namāz.” He says, “Devils that I order sit where women get up, and another sits on her lap.

I make her attractive to those who see her, and try to tear her veil of pudicity. I turn her into someone who does not blush with shame against Allah or the servants (qul) of Allah.”

Iblīs also says, “I am but a whisperer of wicked suggestions (waswas) and a temper. I would misguide everyone in the world if there was anything else within my grasp.”

Then, Iblīs addressed our Prophet and said, “Likewise, if you were able to, you would leave no unbeliever on the face of the earth. You would want everyone to become a Muslim. You would want guidance to reach every human being.”

It is said that in eternity past or azal, and in the womb, good and evil is written, and divine command is fulfilled.

Iblīs said, “You are the master of Prophets,” to our Prophet. He told him that he is the master of all Prophets, and he added, “As for me, I am the head of all evil. I am the head of whoever there is in the name of evil among people or jinn.”

This is narrated on the authority of Ibn-i Abbas and Muadh ibn Jabal, and it is also written in Ibn Arabi’s book Şeceretü’l Kevn. What is meant here is that Ibn-i Abbas and Muadh ibn Jabal are among the sources of this narration. If someone asks what is the source of this news, then it is from these sources.

 

Time Stamp: 2:13

 

 

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Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 240

 

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

The name of Iblīs’s brother is Murra. I.e., O Abu Murra! He is Iblīs’s brother and he has a duty as well. Iblīs assigns him duties and all shaitans mobilize for misguiding every human being. However, there are Allah’s guidance, bounty and generosity (lutf al-karam), grace and virtue (fazl), companionship (rafaqat), and armies of angels who serve humanity. There is Al-Quran Al-Karim. There are Islamic scholars (âlims). There are true Muslims. There is knowledge (ilm), learning (irfan), and sacred forces and power. That is why faithful people who obey Allah, who fulfil the command of the Quran, who abide by Al-Quran Al-Karim which is true knowledge (ilm) and wisdom (irfan), who possess true knowledge (ilm) and sciences of sharia (law) detect every wicked suggestion (waswas) given to hearts by the Devil, and they reject those suggestions. Sorcerers and other evil powers such as devils have no influence over true Muslims as long as aforesaid person is a true Muslim with true faith (iman), and he has to be a person of true knowledge (ilm) and learning (irfan), or at the very least he should endeavour to acquire information from authentic sources with people of knowledge (ilm) and wisdom (irfan). He should endeavour to possess good morals and good deeds. That way devils will have no influence over him. Besides people themselves serve devils voluntarily because those who drift apart from Allah and the Quran are already with the Devil. There is no doubt about it. You will see these in Al-Quran Al-Karim on the upcoming hours of our lecture. Allah assigns special devils to those who shut their eyes to the Quran, who are unwary of it, who turn a deaf ear to it, and who are not guided to the true path with the Quran. Every sin has a trouble that comes with it. There are various troubles that come with staying away from the Quran and not listening and not understanding it. It is even fair to say that is the beginning of where all troubles simmer. However, it is also the primary source of happiness. So, listen and understand Al-Quran Al-Karim well. That is why our lectures are true lessons of the life-giving light (nūr). We continue to give you notes regarding the life-giving light (nūr) and discoveries regarding it along with the authentic sources of Islam which are the Quran, sunnah (customs), ijma (consensus), and qiyas (analogy). Our primary source is Al-Quran Al-Karim. Therefore, we continue to convey Al-Quran Al-Karim to you in a concise manner.

 

Time Stamp: 3:38

 

 

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Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 241

 

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Now, those who say they wish to walk towards Allah and be happy in the presence of the Divine for eternity have to begin with true faith (iman) and true knowledge (ilm) and constant seeking of forgiveness as they implement the live-giving and immortal prescription. That is why an example has been given so that we may understand this matter.

Says “Take the plant of repentance, pull its leaf of asking for forgiveness, and grind them in the grinding bowl of the heart.” Says, place it in the grinding bowl of the heart, and grind it with stick of monotheism (tawhid). It is said that you should take the plant of repentance, and pull its leaves of asking for forgiveness, and grind them in the grinding bowl of the heart using the stick of monotheism (tawhid). It is said that you should filter it out in the sieve of mercy. This means that you should have a look at yourself, bring all your evil doings before your eyes. This says you should check yourself, and analyse yourself. Inspection and accounting… Inspection of the soul (nafs), and accounting of the soul (nafs) are very important. See, it is said that you should filter it out in the sieve of mercy. Says, “Knead it with tears. Cry while repenting and asking forgiveness from Allah. Cry to Allah. Submit your situation only to Allah.”

Go to those who truly know about this matter, and those who read the divine prescription well. Always seek them and learn the truths from them. That said, “Cry to Allah. Knead this with your tears, and cook it on your fire of love.”

We see that we need to cry to Allah. This may happen in desolate corners, especially involuntarily, but it may also happen in public sometimes. However, the point of the story is that we need to cry to Allah in desolate corners, and truly repent. We need to fulfil the prerequisites of repentance.

This says, “Cook it on the fire of love.”

We need to love Allah with every fibre of our being, and work and strive to attain Allah’s love and pleasure (riza).

We are all servants (qul) of Allah. Says, “Cook these up and eat with a spoon of modesty.” That is, it is said that you should be modest. Abide by the norms and canonical measures, and act according to them. So, let us look at the cosmos in order to be guided to the right path and see what it advised us. A voice comes to us from the cosmos, from each creature, each atom, each planet, the heavens and the earth; what is it? See, everything calls us to Allah, and monotheism (tawhid). Everyone and everything glorifies the sovereignty of Allah. Everything informs us of Allah’s unity, wahdaniyat, and unique sovereignty. Let us hear this voice from the Quran. Let us hear the voice of the cosmos with the Quran.

Let us look at the Quran from the perspective of the Quran and see the truth and reality. Let us look at the cosmos through the perspective of the Quran. And let us follow sirat al-mustaqim which is the felicitous way Allah and Islam brought forth and attain ultimate union (wuslat) and the pleasure (riza) of Allah. Otherwise, one cannot meet with Allah and attain the pleasure (riza) of Allah by following wrong paths through wrong belief and wrong information. That will lead you to a horrendous path and it will end in Jahannam (Hell). The only path that leads to Janna (Paradise), the pleasure (riza) and beauty (jamal) of Allah is sirat al-mustaqim under the guidance of Prophet Muhammad and the Quran, and that is Islam’s own path.

 

Time Stamp: 5:10

 

Other paths are all filled with polytheism (shirk). There is no truth, right, or reality in them. Nobody else has a true book anyway. There is no undistorted, fresh, and incorruptible book in the world other than Al-Quran Al-Karim. There is only Al-Quran Al-Karim and Islam.

The only religion is Islam.

The hodja recites a part of the 19^th verse of Surah Ali Imran [19] which says, “Verily, with Allah the religion is Islam.” There has never been another religion, and the religion of all Prophets is Islam. Janâb-i Haqq has renewed the sharia (law) of Islam through Prophet Muhammad, and it is brand-new and fresh. Do not forget that! Islam has been perfected. Nothing has been omitted from Islam, rather those who do not know it have inadequacy, and disbelievers are completely meagre. Faults and shortcomings are pertain to humanity and those who believe without having full knowledge of Islam and do the opposite of what they are supposed to do. Islam calls all eras to follow it from behind directly towards Janna (Paradise). Islam calls to the ninth heaven (arsh). All transcendency and beauty is in Islam.

That is why dear friends, let us see the cosmos from the perspective of the Quran, and let us look at the cosmos through the mirror of Muhammad. We will see the truth and reality through the mirror of Muhammad. If we look at it from the wrong window, we will see our souls (nafs). We will see pharaohs and false deities (taghuts). We will think what they brought forth shining and glorified are real. That said, the truth and reality cannot be seen or attained without looking from the perspective of truth.

 

Time Stamp: 7:18

 

 

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Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 242

 

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Beloved friends,

Let me present you a scene here so that it may be an example regarding the cosmos and ecosystem. As a result of scientific studies, it has been seen that coral reefs secrete things like ammonia and phosphate which coral reefs need by distilling phytoplanktons and various sponges, mussels, worms or annelid worms that live in the pockets of the reef. Sea creatures like golden loach and cleaner shrimp take nourishment from the bacteria that live on fish. See, this is very important! Sea creatures like golden loach and cleaner shrimp take nourishment from the bacteria that live on fish. They work like a filtering station. Coral reefs take a part of the nutrients that algae produce through photosynthesis. As for algae, they take their nourishment from reefs. More than 300 species have been encountered around hot springs that emerge from ocean depth such as segmented worms as long as a few meters, giant oysters, mussels and octopuses, various invertebrates, for example worms have no digestive systems. They take nourishment from bacteria using their tissue. See, they use their tissue to take nourishment from bacteria. 28 grams of tissue contains 285 billion bacteria, and they do chemosynthesis. Meaning, they convert chemical substances to food. Look at the order, accord, and ecosystem in the cosmos, and the way they are nourished. We mentioned this anecdote as a small dot in this endless and boundless order.

Also, look at the 60^th verse of Surah al-Ankabut [29] and the 24^th verse of Surah al-Hashr [59]. The cosmos is a place of wonders, and a mirror of the holy omnipotence (qudrah) of Almighty Allah. The signs of holy omnipotence (qudrah) are manifest. If one is unable to see that can only be because he neglects the abilities given to him. The abilities given to us are given so that we may see right and reality. They are not given so that we may deny Allah, the Quran, and Prophet Muhammad.

Dearest friends!

Every human being has to accept the Creator. Everyone has to acknowledge Allah’s laws, decrees, asmāʾ (names) and qualities (evsaf), sovereignty, absolute existence, beginningless and everlasting all-powerful rulership, and that Allah is the Most Generous. Every servant (qul) of Allah which includes all people, and all creation have been created by Allah. That said, the creation has been created primarily for humanity. As for humans, they have been created so that they may accept and worship Allah.

 

 

Time Stamp: 4:44

 

 

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