Turkish English Tafsir Lesson 40

Al-Quran Al-Kareem – Tafsir (Exegesis) Lesson 40

I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan. In the name of Allah, the most gracious, the most Merciful. Alduamdulillāhi rabbilālamīn, wassalatu wassalamu ala rasulina muhammadin wa ala alihi wa sahbihi ajmain. Dearest and most venerable friends! We will continue with our 40th lesson, and we will try to convey the essential information, and the core meanings of the verses. We shall continue our lessons with discovery notes from now on. These are the lessons of life that is given by Almighty Allah about the life-giving order. These lessons prepare people for absolute bliss, and immortality. However, this immortality does not come from the servant, because servants are mortals. But we see that Allah prepares people for immortality, and eternal bliss, which is a favor. You see, Islam is the life-giving religion that prepares people to immortality. This is why Janna-i Ala (the Grand Paradise) is an immortal life. It is the order of life in Islam, and the life-giving holy values of Almighty Allah that are brought forth by Al-Quran Al-Karim and Prophet Muhammad what prepares people to Janna (Paradise). This is why whoever understands Al-Quran Al-Karim well, and properly understands, and implements in his life the rules and laws of the religion of Islam that Prophet Muhammad introduced, shall find life himself. What is more, he would be presenting the life-giving lessons and its remedy. People may use it, or not. They may believe, or refuse. Yet, this is a crystal-clear fact. Bismillāhirrahmānirraḥīm. Our current topic is the Hajj (pilgrimage). However, there much more life lessons in the divine commandments. This goes for the contents of all commandments; they all give life. And Hajj (pilgrimage) is one of these commandments. When you look into the treasures full of knowledge that reside in all topics, you shall find life . You shall find life if you drink from the divine fountain of knowledge. Bismillāhirrahmānirraḥīm. Hajj (pilgrimage) is performed on certain months. [2:197] “al-ḥajju ʾashhurun maʿlūmātun fa-man faraḍa fīhinna l-ḥajja fa-lā rafatha wa-lā fusūqa wa-lā jidāla fī l-ḥajji wa-mā tafʿalū min khayrin yaʿlamhu llāhu wa-tazawwadū fa-ʾinna khayra z-zādi t-taqwā wa-ttaqūni yā-ʾulī l-ʾalbāb” [2:198] “laysa ʿalaykum junāḥun ʾan tabtaghū faḍlan min rabbikum fa-ʾidhā ʾafaḍtum min ʿarafātin fa-dhkurū llāha ʿinda l-mashʿari l-ḥarāmi wa-dhkurūhu ka-mā hadākum wa-ʾin kuntum min qablihī la-mina ḍ-ḍāllīn” [2:199] “thumma ʾafīḍū min ḥaythu ʾafāḍa n-nāsu wa-staghfirū llāha…” Wa-staghfirū llāha. Wa-staghfirū llāha. *intranscribeable prayer in Arabic* [2:199] “…ʾinna llāha ghafūrun raḥīm” [2:200] “fa-ʾidhā qaḍaytum manāsikakum fa-dhkurū llāha ka-dhikrikum ʾābāʾakum ʾaw ʾashadda dhikran fa-mina n-nāsi man yaqūlu rabbanā ʾātinā fī d-dunyā wa-mā lahū fī l-ʾākhirati min khalāq” [2:201] “wa-minhum man yaqūlu rabbanā ʾātinā fī d-dunyā ḥasanatan wa-fī l-ʾākhirati ḥasanatan wa-qinā ʿadhāba n-nār”

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[2:202] “ʾulāʾika lahum naṣībun mimmā kasabū wa-llāhu sarīʿu l-ḥisāb” In these verses Janâb-i Haqq says that Hajj (pilgrimage) is in well-known months. [2:197] “So, whoever starts Hajj (pilgrimage) and makes it an obligation (fard) for him; from then on there shall be no sexual contact with women, no sin, and no fighting. Whatever you do good, Allah knows it. Take on provisions for you, and indeed the best provision is fear of Allah, and piety (taqwa). O, people of intellect, fear me!” [2:198] “There is no sin on you when you seek the grace of your Rabb (Lord). When you come back from Arafat, remember (dhikr) Allah next to al-Mash’ar al-Haram (in Muzdalifah). Remember (dhikr) Allah the way Allah guided you. Verily, before this you were in fact among the deviated.” [2:199] “Then, flow down from the place people flow down and ask forgiveness from Allah, for Allah is very-Forgiving, very-Merciful.” [2:200] “When you finally complete your worships of Hajj (pilgrimage), remember Allah like you used to remember your fathers and mothers, or with an even stronger remembrance.” Allah has no peers or comparables. Love and remember (dhikr) Allah with your entire being. [2:200] “Some among the people say: ‘O, our Rabb (Lord)! Give to us (blessings) in the world,’. And there is no good for him in the afterlife (ākhira).” The one who said this only wants to have this world, disregarding the afterlife (ākhira). So, these people who do not ever take the afterlife (ākhira) into equation have no privilege in the afterlife (ākhira). [2:201] “But among them (some say): ‘O, our Rabb (Lord)! Gives us a good in the world, and a good in the afterlife (ākhira), and protect us from the punishment of the Fire,’.” [2:202] “So, for them there is a portion of their earnings. Allah is swift in reckoning.” Dearest friends! A belief (iman) that only wants the world, but denies the afterlife (ākhira) is not a true belief (iman). That is why the belief (iman) of a Muslim should be in Allah, and all values brought forth by Allah. Let us see what Janâb-i Haqq said in the following verses. Astaizu Billah: [2:203] “wa-dhkurū llāha fī ʾayyāmin maʿdūdātin fa-man taʿajjala fī yawmayni fa-lā ʾithma ʿalayhi wa-man taʾakhkhara fa-lā ʾithma ʿalayhi li-mani ttaqā wa-ttaqū llāha wa-ʿlamū ʾannakum ʾilayhi tuḥsharūn” [2:204] “wa-mina n-nāsi man yuʿjibuka qawluhū fī l-ḥayāti d-dunyā wa-yushhidu llāha ʿalā mā fī qalbihī wa-huwa ʾaladdu l-khiṣām” [2:205] “wa-ʾidhā tawallā saʿā fī l-ʾarḍi li-yufsida fīhā wa-yuhlika l-ḥartha wa-n-nasla wa-llāhu lā yuḥibbu l-fasād” [2:206] “wa-ʾidhā qīla lahu ttaqi llāha ʾakhadhathu l-ʿizzatu bi-l-ʾithmi fa-ḥasbuhū jahannamu wa-la-biʾsa l-mihād” [2:207] “wa-mina n-nāsi man yashrī nafsahu btighāʾa marḍāti llāhi wa-llāhu raʾūfun bi-l-ʿibād”

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[2:208] “yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū dkhulū fī s-silmi kāffatan wa-lā tattabiʿū khuṭuwāti sh-shayṭāni ʾinnahū lakum ʿaduwwun mubīn” [2:209] “fa-ʾin zalaltum min baʿdi mā jāʾatkumu l-bayyinātu fa-ʿlamū ʾanna llāha ʿazīzun ḥakīm” [2:210] “hal yanẓurūna ʾillā ʾan yaʾtiyahumu llāhu fī ẓulalin mina l-ghamāmi wa-l-malāʾikatu wa-quḍiya l-ʾamru wa-ʾilā llāhi turjaʿu l-ʾumūr” [2:210] “sal banī ʾisrāʾīla kam ʾātaynāhum min ʾāyatin bayyinatin wa-man yubaddil niʿmata llāhi min baʿdi mā jāʾathu fa-ʾinna llāha shadīdu l-ʿiqāb” [2:211] “zuyyina li-lladhīna kafarū l-ḥayātu d-dunyā wa-yaskharūna mina lladhīna ʾāmanū wa-lladhīna ttaqaw fawqahum yawma l-qiyāmati wa-llāhu yarzuqu man yashāʾu bi-ghayri ḥisāb” Dearest and most valuable friends! [2:211] “Remember Allah during these limited number of days.” Seek tadbīr (protection, precaution). [2:203] “There shall be no sin on him who hastens to return from the Minā in two days. And there is no sin on he who stays either. But this is for people of piety (taqwa). Fear Allah, and know that you shall come to Allah’s presence, and gather.” [2:204] “And among man there is one, whose words about worldly life you shall like, and he calls Allah to witness what is in your heart. Yet he is the worst of the enemies of Islam.” His looks like a Muslim, but his inner world is in misery. [2:204] “And when he comes into power, he runs about to cause corruption, and destroy the crops and the progeny. However, Allah does not like corruption.” Dearest friends! Have a look at the current ecosystem, and see how it was broken. People complain about what they eat, drink, and wear. People even complain about the water they drink, and the air they breathe. In the last verse, what is mentioned is the ecosystem is broken. A global danger is mentioned in the 204th verse. You see, these are one of matters people make worse while trying to fix. People did more harm than good in this matter. It is like poking an eye while straightening eyebrows. Yet, they are not aware. Many people assume this is a success. People call majority of these matters science. These are not science, rather these are the greatest evil against science. Science does not instruct one to disturb the nature, or harm people. Science is for the better good. Science is an endeavor for the better good of the humanity. And science is what is beneficial. If you put forward an idea without having knowledge of it, you would be mixing honey and poison, and drinking it to the folk. That is what fake science is like. They keep distorting the ecosystem, the souls, the minds, and intellects; they support wrong (batil) beliefs that are harmful for people’s minds. They act in unison with impostor fortune-tellers. There are also those who use science for evil. They do wrong things in the name of science, blocking the real science. These people keep switching sides, distorting things. You see, Janâb-i Haqq ordered us the protection of people and the nature, for everything in this world is created for people.

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Allah protects people. And if you protect the order Allah has created, people may be at ease. However, if you break the ecosystem, then the defect will spread to humanity, and deal damage. The spiritual and physical worlds of the humanity should be protected. And ecosystem should also be protected so that no harm may come to the humanity. So that the living, particularly humans, may live at ease Moreover, our Rabb (Lord) said: [2:207] “There is one among men, who sacrifices himself to seek the riza (approval) of Allah, Allah is very-Merciful to the servants.” [2:208] “O, those who believe! All of you enter peace and safety (salamat), and do not follow the footsteps of Satan, for he is a clear enemy (who drives a wedge between you),” says Allah. Now, what does Allah mean here? Allah tells us all to enter peace and safety (salamat). So, what is this peace and safety (salamat). Each and every commandment of Islam is peace and safety (salamat). The servant (qul) knows Allah by having belief (iman) settle his hearth. The servant (qul) knows Allah via the verses of Quran, names, traits, books, and Quran. What is more, the servant (qul) knows Almighty Allah Ta’ala via the laws and decrees of Allah in Quran and Islam. The servant (qul) acknowledges the rulership of Allah, and enters under the command of Allah. You see, peace and safety (salamat) are Islam itself. And it is Allah who established the order of Islam, and sent it to us. And the grand individual Allah appointed for duty is Prophet Muhammad. And before him, the previous prophets were assigned. Janâb-i Haqq assigned prophets and sent them to the world one by one, towards the end of the world. Then, as the last Prophet, Prophet Muhammad was sent as a universal Prophet for all worlds, all people, and all jinn. This is why he is the Prophet of Rahmat (Mercy). He is the Prophet of the humans and the jinn. He renewed the entire past. He brought a new Islamic order via a new Islamic sharīʿah (law) that shall never age until the Qiyamah. That is why those who do not accept the peace of Islam, and divine justice follow the way of shaitans (devils) of humans and the jinn. Thus, disturbing the peace. Janâb-i Haqq tells us to not follow their ways, and invites us to peace. Allah tells us to enter into peace and safety. Salim is peace, and at the same times it is the source of the word Islam. [2:209] “And if you slip (deviate), even after these proofs have come to you, then know well that Allah is all-Powerful, and all-Wise.” Can someone hurt Allah? If you do not accept this belief (iman), Islam, and peace, that is up to you. You did not accept this salamat, but what did you accept? You rather accepted disaster, suit yourself. What Janâb-i Haqq considered safety (salamat) is safety. And what Allah considered peace, is peace, which is Islam. So, if you do not accept this, then you would be accepting disaster with your own hand. And you will think that you did right. You will call what you did modernity, and enlightenment. That is how Shaitan (Satan) though of what he did. The same goes for all disbelievers (kāfirs), and all hypocrites (munafiqun).

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They considered all of their wrongdoings true. The truth is what Allah (c.c.) says. And for that you should read the verses of Al-Quran Al-Karim. Besides, if my words contradict Al-Quran Al-Karim, then what I say is also not true. If my words are in accord with Al-Quran Al-Karim, which is the direct wahy-i ilahi (divine revelation) that Prophet Muhammad received from Allah that contains divine laws and commandments, then they are true, and if not, they are wrong. Every truth is of Islam. Even if the enemy has it. Seme truths may reside in the evilest and non-Muslim people. Them having those truths is not an indication of their righteousness. The address of these truths, or rather their source is what Allah said. And that is present in the truth of Islam. The easterners and westerners both received this truth and reality of Islam. Those who wanted received them, and those who did not want refused. However, Janâb-i Haqq says Islam is a whole. “All of my commandments constitute a whole. Your heart shall affirm (tasdiq) all of them, and you tongue shall utter (iqrār) your belief. And then, you shall implement these into your lives,” says Allah. Janâb-i Haqq says that. Our Rabb (Lord) also said: [2:210] “They are only looking for Allah to come to them in the shadows of the clouds with angels and settle the matter. Whereas all matters are returned to Allah.” In other words, those who do not recognize Almighty Allah’s laws may hurry, or not. When the time comes for the taqdeer (divine decree) of Allah, it shall siege everyone. And then, the taqdeer (divine decree) shall be fulfilled. No one may know where Janâb-i Haqq shall come and give punishment, for Allah is al-Qadir (all-Powerful) for everything. Allah has a justice in return of each crime. And Allah gives whatever punishment is necessary. However, there is one thing the servant (qul) may do before punishment visits him. Come to peace, safety (salamat), repent, and ask for forgiveness. Peace, salvation, and safety (salamat) are values brought forth personally by Allah Ta’ala. These are the commandments in Al-Quran Al-Karim and the religion (din) of Islam, and divine laws and rules that Prophet Muhammad brought forth. He implemented, and settled those laws and rules, for Allah ordered so, and assigned him. [2:211] “Ask Banī Israel (sons of Israel) how many clear signs we had given to them. But whoever changes the blessing (nimet) of Allah after it has come to him, there is no doubt that the punishment of Allah is too severe.” [2:212] “The worldly life has been adorned for the deniers.” This life has been adorned for the deniers, but why? This is due to their denial of the real life. This is due to their denial of the life-giving values. [2:212] “They mock, make fun of, and laugh at the believers. Whereas those believers (mu’mins) who have piety (taqwa) are above them on the Day of Qiyamah.” As you see, modernity is in belief (iman), and haqq and haqiqa (truth). It is in true science. These are the life-giving divine values. This is why Janâb-i Haqq says that they are above them on the Day of Qiyamah. That is, the believers (mu’mins) for their ranks is very high. As for the others, they proceed towards Jahannam (Hell).

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Jahannam (Hell) goes deep layer by layer. There is a place for each disbeliever (kafir) in return of their disbelief (kufr). [2:212] “Allah provides [rizq] without reckoning for whomever Allah wants.” But of course, everything is bound to the wisdom (hikmat) of Janâb-i Haqq. It is Allah who knows best to do what for whom. Allah knows best what to do, and does everything in a proper manner. In that case, the duty up to the servant (qul) is to know that everything about Allah Ta’ala is good. Now, I shall convey some discovery notes regarding these verses. For example, some of the verses mentioned Hajj (pilgrimage). Hajj as a word means -to intend to do something grand and important. That is, every command of Allah is too important, and too grand. So, having a complete determination in this, and completing your Hajj (pilgrimage) also incorporates this meaning. Hajj (pilgrimage) is entering the state of ihram in the allocated time and place and doing what you are supposed to. That is, fulfilling certain rules, waqfa (standing), tawaf and the others. The essentials (rukun) of Hajj (pilgrimage) is waqfa and tawaf. Rukun means the essence and the self of a thing. So, without rukun, a worship will not have an essence and it will not be valid, not it will be acceptable (makbul). So, when we say rukun (essence) what is referred is the essence, and the core of a worship. And the others are the ones that are on that essence. What is more, the tawaf is also referred to as ifada, or tawaf of visitation. There are also validity requirements. The validity requirements are being a Muslim, intending, entering the state of ihram, allocation of time and place. Moreover, the following are the essential requirements: to be a Muslim, having past the age of puberty, and being able to afford it. That is, because Hajj (pilgrimage) is for those who can afford. As for time requirements, certain times are assigned for Hajj (pilgrimage). One should arrive there at those assigned times, and be there on his own free will. Islam is a voluntary and free religion. People are born as free beings. Islam is the utmost guarantor of rights and freedoms, and freedom is among the inviolable human rights. It is also a requirement to know that Hajj (pilgrimage) is a religious obligation (fard). That is a requirement for those who reside in non-Muslim countries. Those who reside in non-Muslim countries have to know that Hajj (pilgrimage) is a religious obligation (fard). That is a requirement. So, that is a requirement for those who live in non-Islamic countries. The following are the requirement of performing the Hajj. Health comes first just like in all ibadat (worships). So, also in Hajj (pilgrimage), health is more important. People who are     poor in health cannot perform Hajj (pilgrimage). After that, there should not be an obstacle. There should not be obstacles that may prevent one from completing the Hajj (pilgrimage). Another requirement is journey safety. And these are the requirements for women: Women must not be on a period of iddat (period of waiting), a mahram (family member) or husband must be present or the safety of the environment must be ensured. The religion (din) of Islam protects women, for Janâb-i Haqq values women much. On the other hand, the religion of Islam has never loaded heavy burden upon women, rather lightened it.

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That has been done in accord with the delicate and gentle structure of women, and their strength. The conditions of the age pushed women under loads they cannot bear. And they thought they have given them women rights. Actually, women are pushed under a heavy burden. In Islam, on the other hand, women were under protection. They were protected like a flower in a vase, delicate and elegant, away from heavy burdens they cannot bear. Such a pity that those who pushed women into this situation are the ones who violate women’s rights. But of course, aside from that there are good things that are in accord with Islam. But there are those that do not suit Islam as well. There are situations that make women miserable. The religion of Islam has removed all that is wrong. Islam has brought forth the best, which is Allah’s own decree. Mistakes are in servants (qul), and people, not in Islam. If someone implements something wrong in the name of Islam, that error is due to him, not Islam. The guilt is in people who do not know Islam do. Now, if an easterner acts contrary to Islam, then he is to blame. Same goes for westerners, or all people. In the present case, if their decisions do not suit Islam, then it is women who will suffer. People should know the rules of Allah from the very source. Now, let us talk about the obligations (wajib) of Hajj (pilgrimage). To enter the state of Ihram in Miqat. To prolong waqfa (standing) until the sunset. To do waqfa (standing) in Muzdalifah. To perform Sa’y (walking) seven times between small hills of Safa and Marwa. To perform the Sa’y after Tawaf. Stoning of the Aqaba. Sacrificing a sacrificial animal (qurban). That is also an obligation (wajib) separately in Hajj al-Qiran, and Hajj al-Tamatt’u. To cut your hair. To perform Farewell Tawaf, another name of which is Sadar. To start from Al-Hajar al-Aswad. To perform Tawaf counterclockwise. To perform Tawaf by walking, which is for those who can afford. Taharat from Hadas and Najasat. Also, setr-i avret (covering of body according to Islamic standards). In other words, private parts of one’s body should be covered, and kept clean. Taharat from Hadas: to be in state of abdast (ablution). That is, ghusl (full-body ritual purification) if necessary. On the other hand, normal abdast (wudu) should be performed if one did not. That is to be cleansed from dirt, and being clean. To be thoroughly clean from all types of dirt. Setr-ul avret means covering yourself with tasattur Islam suggests. To start performing Sa’y (walking) from the small hill of Safa. The last three of Tawaf is wajib, and first four is fard. To perform two rakat (unit) of namaz (prayer) after Tawaf. To carry out stoning, sacrifice (qurban), and shaving. In other words, to perform the Stoning of Satan, and to sacrifice a qurban. That is, by following the order of these actions. Qurban (sacrificial animal) should be sacrificed on its designated days. As for cutting hair, it is important to know its time and place, and do it in that time. To perform the Visitation Tawaf in the first three days of the Bayram (holiday), these are wajibs (obligations). There are also sunnahs (customs) of Hajj (pilgrimage). Tawaf al-Qudum: In the Tawafs Raml (walk quickly with short steps) should be observed.

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One should also do a sort of shuffle run (harwala) between two green poles. To stay overnight at Mina. To continue journey from Mina to Arafah when sun rises. To set out from Muzdalifah to Mina before sunrise. Moreover, there are other things that are considered sunnah (customs) as well. There are also prohibitions of Hajj (pilgrimage). One of the prohibitions is all instances of sexual intercourse. Cutting hair and hair, or using perfume. Covering your head and face, or wearing stitched apparel. It is prohibited for people who are in the state of Ihram to cut the hair of others. Also, hunting is among these prohibitions. The following is the opinion of the mujtahids in the Shafi’i School (Madhab). According to the mujtahids of that school, it is a fard (religious obligation) to do Sa’y, and to cut hair. In other words, they accepted these as rukun (essential requirement). The main reason for Hajj (pilgrimage) is Baitullah. In other words, the House of Allah on earth, which is Kabaa Shareef. That is the reason of going to Hajj (pilgrimage). Hajj (pilgrimage) is impulsive, one should perform it the year he/she finds a chance. And it is not a terahi (lack of zeal). Mecca was conquered in the 8th year of Hijra. Battle of Hunayn, and Siege of Ta’if were made in Ramadan Shareef, in the month of Shawwal. Our Prophet had performed Umrah. In the 9th year of Hijrah, Islamic Hajj was performed with Abubakr carrying the title of Amir al-hajj (commander of pilgrim caravan). Hajj (pilgrimage) is forbidden for polytheists (musrikun), and naked people. One cannot perform Hajj (pilgrimage) naked. In Islam, the chastity of the heart and soul is important. And just like a person’s inner world has to be purified, he must also follow the adab (conduct of discipline), rules, and general and special moral values. That is rendered a must in Islam. In the 10th year of Hijra, our Prophet performed his first and last Hajj. Our Beloved Prophet Muhammad (saw) had visited Kabaa many times. But he performed Hajj, which was a religious obligation (fard), only once. And that was performed in the 10th year of Hijra. That is his first and last Hajj, as a fard. Moreover, our Beloved Prophet, has fulfilled this invaluable duty upon receiving it from Almighty Allah. Now, if you ask about the hidden causes (hikmat) of Hajj, there are lots of it. Social unity comes first and foremost here. Islamic unity, unity of hearts, souls, purpose, and goal are also hidden causes (hikmat) of Hajj. Moreover, being united in the House of Allah is one of these hidden causes (hikmat). That is the most prominent of these hidden causes (hikmat). Now, let us see what Janâb-i Haqq says in the 148th verse of Surah al-Baqarah. [2:148] “ʾayna mā takūnū yaʾti bikumu llāhu jamīʿan” “No matter where you are, Allah shall bring you together.” And Allah shall bring you to account, and those who abided by Allah’s laws and rules will be saved. Otherwise, not recognizing Allah’s laws means not recognizing your Creator. But you live by the blessing (nimet) given by Allah, in the land of Allah. This means you consider Islam out of date. That is, saying that Allah’s laws are outdated. Those who think like this are in a grave error.

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People should think twice before deceiving themselves and the others with such wrong philosophies and same old stories. No matter where you are, Allah shall gather you, and bring you to account. That encompasses the deniers as well. Allah shall bring them into Allah’s presence. The armies of Allah has sieged the heavens and the earth. We have tried to convey you certain information regarding the armies of Allah in our previous lessons. You cannot find another instance of such a unity in anywhere. You see, there is such a social unity in the core Hajj that, you cannot find another instance of it on earth. The unity in Islam, which is ordered by Allah, is seen today in Kabaa. We see the true unity in Hajj because Muslims from all around the world get together in Kabaa Shareef, Baitullah, Arafah, Muzdalifah, and Mina. That is for the cause of Islam, and the salvation of humanity. That is due to the fact that Allah is the sovereign ruler of the Earth. These divine orders are for us to be able to come together when Allah tells us to do so. That is also the meaning of being in the presence of Allah in five times of namaz. The ummah (nation) should be one and united, and they should act unanimously in their cause. They shall implement the divine justice of Allah on Earth. That is why Muslims should know that the essential command of Islam is knowledge (ilm). For one thing, the personnel cadres should be raised and ready. The unity must be ensured. If the cadres that distorted this unity have started working, this unity will become nothing but a show, and a shadow. In that event people will continue to procure an economical rent via the unity. Is there a saddening situation today, or not? Well, actually there is a saddening situation. That is because Islam orders unity. But the world of Islam is all in pieces. People do what the enemy tells them. For one thing, the humanity wants social justice, social peace, serenity and safety. That division is not for the better good of the humanity. And certainly, it is not good for Islam. This social unity must be ensured. What is left if you go there and divine the humanity into pieces. The only thing left will be a shadow, a shape. That is not Islam. Islam is to act unanimously, and to rejoice together. That is, being united in every matter such as happiness, pride, and trouble. The meaning of Umrah is visitation. Ihram is its must, but Tawaf and Sa’y are its essentials (rukun). As for cutting hair, it is a wajib (obligation). That is, a sign of servitude. Hajj is a typical sign of servitude in this world. There is nothing similar to it on Earth. Its past is deep, goes a long way to Ibrahim (Abraham) and even Adam. Its sanctity goes back to the first creation. Islam is jihad (struggle); Islam is unity. Islam is a monotheistic (tawhid) unity, and these can be seen in the soul of Hajj one by one. You can see jihad (unity), unity, monotheism (tawhid) in the unity and the soul of Hajj.

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If these cannot be seen in the soul of Hajj, and if people go to these designated places and roam about, and if people perform formalistic and fake acts of worship without reading the soul of Hajj, and if the soul no longer exists, then this is like corpses roaming around. That is like dead people walking around in those places, eating and drinking. Those people may be affected by the crowd for a certain time but when they leave, this effect starts fading away by time. The concept of Hajj (pilgrimage) in Islam is not that. The soul of Hajj (pilgrimage) is the unity of Islam. That is fulfilling the commandments of Allah together. That is saving Muslims without tearing Islam to pieces. The miqats are the following: Dhu al-Hulayfah, Dhāt ‚Irq, Al-Juhfah, Qarn al-Manāzil, and Yalamlam. These are the places in which people enter the State of Ihram. Muslims enter into the State of Ihram in these places. Ifrad Hajj, along with Qudum Tawaf is a type of Hajj (pilgrimage). As for Hajj al-Tamatt’u, is to do Umrah during the season of Hajj, and sacrificing an animal is an obligation (wajib). After completing the Umrah, the Muslim will exit the Ihram. And when the time comes, he will enter Ihram again, and perform the Hajj. That is what we call Hajj al-Tamatt’u. In Hajj al-Qiran, a person intends for Umrah and Hajj together and combines them. Then, he does the Umrah. And in Hajj, he does the Qudum Tawaf, and performs the Hajj, then sacrifices an animal. However, in Jahiliyyah Hajj al-Qiran has not valid, it was prohibited. You see, in today’s society, Hajj al-Qiran is not widely known, or it is not told to the public. Hajj al-Qiran was forbidden in the Jahiliyyah (Ignorance) Period. Now, let us pay attention. [47:33] “yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū ʾaṭīʿū llāha wa-ʾaṭīʿū r-rasūla wa-lā tubṭilū ʾaʿmālakum.” Janâb-i Haqq says, “Do not render your works void,” here. [47:33] “O, believers! Obey Allah, and the Rasul (Messenger), and do not render your works (amel) void,” do not cancel them, says Allah. This is why the rules of each ibadat (worship) should be observed. One should avoid actions or words that will harm his ibadat (worship), or render it null and void. Many people considered Umrah a religious obligation (fard). But, Umrah is tatawwu (voluntary). Grand figures such as Aisha, Ibn Abbas, Ibn Umar, Hasan al-Basri, Ibn Sirin, and Imam al-Shafi’i have said this. There are also people who said Umrah is nafl (supererogatory) and voluntary. That is, people such as ibn Masud, İbrahim en-Nehaî, and İmam Şa’bi. Hajj (pilgrimage) is valid once. It is said that Abu Dawood and Al-Nasa’i considered more than once Hajj nafl (supererogatory). That is based on certain reports. There are similar reports too. What is more, completing an ibadat (worship) that is started is a religious obligation (fard), even if it is nafl (supererogatory). “الْهَدْيُ – l-hadyu” is the name of the sacrificial animals (qurban) that are camels, cattle, and goats that are gifted to Baitullah. “بَدَنَ – badana” is used for bovine animals, which are camels, beef cattle. A one-seventh share of these animals is considered qurban (sacrifice), which is sufficient.

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What is more, the word uhsirtum [which is derived from the root إحصار (ihsar)] is present. It means being prevented from Hajj (pilgrimage). There have been âlims who said this prevention is due to illness. On the other hand, Imam al-Shafi’i thinks this prevention is due to enemy. In Bukhari Shareef, a ruhsat (permit) is given to Ka`b Ibnü Ucre. A ruhsat (permit) was given to him so that he may shave his head because he had lice. “Shave your head, and fast for three days, or give 1 Farak or 3 Sā (Islamic measures of weight) of date palm to 6 poor person, or sacrifice (qurban) a sheep, do one of these, he was said.” This is a procedure that can be implemented for those who are in such situations. This is one of the ruhsats (permits) in the religion. Another narration states 1 Sā is enough. According to Shafi’i, and Malik the meat of sacrificial animal (qurban) of Hajj al-Tamatt’u and Hajj al-Qiran are not eaten by their owner. They say this is an obligatory sacrifice (qurban) done to eliminate the failure to fulfilment. On the other hand, according to mujtahids of the Hanafites, it is a blood of shukr (gratitude), therefore the meat of the sacrificial animal sacrificed for Hajj al-Qiran can be eaten by its owner. It is sacrificed for shukr (gratitude); therefore its owner can eat from it. That is, a shukr (gratitude) for fulfilling two ibadats (worship) at once. In other words, a shukr (gratitude) for completing Umrah and Hajj at once. Extensive information regarding this topic can be found in depth in Fath al-Qadir. In Hajj al-Qiran there is abrogation of ignorance. This is one of the most important matters. That is, the abrogation (naskh) of the Jahiliyyah (Ignorance) Period. Hajj al-Qiran has removed the customary regulations (adat) of the Jahiliyyah (Ignorance). Naskh means changing the season of Hajj (pilgrimage). The assigned months of Hajj (pilgrimage) are the months of Shawwal, Dhu al-Qadah, and until the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah. Also, according to Shafi’i it is until the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah. As for Imam al-Malik, he says it is 3 months. In other words, Imam al-Malik says that it is until the end of Dhu al-Hijjah, considering this a complete month of Hajj. The differences in their ijtihads (reasoning) are rahmat (blessing) for the ummah (nation). People should never think this is something else, this is nothing but rahmat (blessing). This is a document of the fact that Islam is an easy, wide religion filled to brim with rahmat (blessing). If all these ijtihads forced people on one thing, closing the path for other opinions then you would not be able to find this convenience or these ruhsats (permits). That is, Islam is a religion of easiness, and these ijtihads are documents of this fact. However, one should not act according to his sweet will. He has to follow a mujtahid who knows Islam. Thus, it is clear that Hanafite Mujtahids, Maliki Mujtahids, Shafiite Mujtahids, Hanbali Mujtahids are such a rahmat (blessing) upon the humanity. What is more, it is clear that the other mujtahids who are close to the aforementioned are such a favor of Allah, and rahmat (blessing) upon all worlds. There are certain moments in which the hardest works are rendered the easiest by one of these ijtihads. People should follow the way of the mujtahids of the ecole (school) they follow.

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Those who say they are Hanafites should follow the way of Hanafite mujtahids. Same goes for those who say they are Maliki as well. The same also goes for Shafiites and Hanbalites. No one should question the ways of one another, people cannot question that. That is for this is a mujtahid’s work, which is ijtihad, and that is not your field. People do not have the right to say that their way is correct and others’ ways are false, for that too is the field of a mujtahid. Those who do not know should never interfere the work of those who do know. They should not turn this rahmat (blessing) into a debate. The disputes among mujtahids are blessings (rahmat). But there are people who only see their own madhab (ecole), and mujtahids. They are actually being fanatics of madhab (ecole), by only seeing their own mujtahids. Moreover, there are people who fight one another, arguing and debating, hurting the feelings of one another. What they do is nothing but an outrage. They turn a rahmat (blessing) into a punishment. They turn something good to something evil. So, who are doing these? The ignorant folks do not know who or what a mujtahid is. The word mujtahid encompasses all revered figures who know Islam, and who has a valid voice in Islam. The Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i, and Hanbali Schools (Ecoles) are filled with mujtahids. There are other mujtahids as well, you may follow those who are in accord with Ahlus Sunnah. The ecoles that are not in accord with Ahlus Sunnah wa’l-Jama’ah are not considered. Otherwise, it is important to give ear to everyone who attained the rank of mujtahid, at least once. In is necessary to investigate, for this is not a field for everyone. The common folk has no madhab (ecole). It is said the madhab (ecole) of the common folk is the fatwa (legal opinion) of the mufti. So, why the common folk has no madhab (ecole)? The common folk does not know its own madhab (ecole) completely. For example, a Shafiite person does not know all of the principles of his own madhab. He does not know the proofs, the verses, and hadiths his madhab relies on. The only thing he knows is what is conveyed to him by a person who partly knows the religion. It is not important to call that person a mufti either. That is, mufti means a person who knows Islam. A mufti is a person who knows the views of the mujtahids completely. The words of a mufti who has attain that status should be listened. Otherwise, if they did not attain the rank, and their legal opinions (fatwa) are not in this level, then they are not called mufti. Such a person may have read an ilm al-hal, and then convey what he learned to those who did not read. Thus, his madhab (ecole) is whatever knowledge he obtained in there. That is not the case, that is certainly not the essential truth. What is essential is to obtain knowledge (ilm) from its source, and to act with those who know. Mujtahids are needed for all Muslims. That is, to act with those who know, and to follow those who know. One should not act with ignorant people. That is where things go south. Madhab fanaticism occurs when people abide by ignorant leaders. When that happens, a situation arises as if there are hostilities among madhabs (ecoles). There is a scholarly contest between madhabs (ecoles), and all ijtihads are nothing but rahmat (blessing). Those who advocate the contrary are acting completely wrong. So, now that we have conveyed knowledge regarding the months of Hajj (pilgrimage), let us talk about the necessary supplies we need for the journey. A supply of taqwa (piety) is necessary for the journey from this world to the afterlife.

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So, what supplies do we need when we travel? In this world, we prepare whatever is necessary for the road, in order to get there in one piece. But there is also the journey from the world to the afterlife, which the real journey. So, what do you need? You need provision (rizq), which is taqwa (piety), so what is taqwa (piety)? That is to live Islam as a whole, and not rebel against Allah. That is to follow the commands of the sharīʿah and the laws of Islam, and to implement them one by one, and not to rebel against Allah. The journey to Allah is with fear of Allah, and love of Allah. You see, this is the journey to afterlife (ākhira), the provision (rizq) of which is taqwa (piety). In the 197th verse of Surah al-Baqarah, Janâb-i Haqq said: [2:197] “fa-ʾinna khayra z-zādi t-taqwā” [2:197] “The best provision (rizq) is taqwa (piety).” Janâb-i Haqq openly tells us to prepare provision (rizq). For once, your belief (iman) should be perfect. And you should have fulfilled fards, wajibs, and sunnahs one by one. Mustahabb (favored actions) should be fulfilled within possibility, thus completing the religion. For one thing, you shall start your work with a perfect belief (iman), a true and perfect namaz (prayer), and jihad (struggle). You shall make a bridge between the world and the afterlife (ākhira) via zakat (poor-dues). And you shall be determined to spend your wealth and your life in the way of Allah. That is how the preparations of taqwa (piety) begins. First, Allah must be predominant in your heart, rather than your nafs (self). Also, the Iblis (Satan), the world, desire for chair, lust, and love of wealth and property, should never enter your heart. These must reside outside your heart. Love of Allah, and Allah Ta’ala must be predominant in your heart. That is such a heart that lives under the rulership of Allah. So, what are the signs of such a heart? That is the tongue of the person utters the truth (haqq). His/her deeds (amel) and actions are real and true (haqq). He/she abstains what is wrong. Spreads enlightenment in every word. Announces (tabligh) the haqq and haqiqa (truth), for he lives it. These are signs that Allah is predominant in a heart. You shall fly towards Allah Ta’ala with two wings, one of them is fear of Allah, the other is love of Allah. You shall always fly towards Allah, not someone else. The commands you shall receive should be from no one but Allah. That is because it is Allah who created the life, the universe, and you. Allah has established the order, and the laws regarding how you shall live. All life-giving things are present in Islam. And there are all kinds of precautions that shall protect your from loss. That is why a Muslim shall always go towards Allah. His words, actions, and works shall be true (haqq). As for his morals, he shall have the best morals. The reference here is Prophet Muhammad, and the documents are Al-Quran Al-Karim, sunnah, ijma, and qiyas. There is also the matter of Arafah for Hajj. Arafah means, -to recognize, -to confess, -nice scent, and it comes from the root, “a-r-f”. These are the lexical meanings. As for its religious meaning, in the 9th day of Dhu al-Hijjah, on the Day of Arafah, all pilgrims (Hajji) Stand for Waqfa on Mount Arafat.

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Mount Arafat is twelve miles away from Mecca. Muslims Stand for Waqfa in every place except Uranah. There is a place called Uranah there, one cannot Stand for Waqfa there. Except that place, people Stand for Waqfa in everywhere. Meş’ar-i Haram is on Mount Kuzah. That is a mount that has a rock shaped like a cylinder named Mikade. Except Wadi Muhassar, everywhere is place for waqfa (standing). That is a spiritual awakening, and seeing the manifestation of light to the heart. In Hajj (pilgrimage), a Muslim shall experience the following. A spiritual awakening, and embracing all commandments of Allah, a connection to Allah, and to see the manifestation of light to the heart. So, what is that light? That is light of tawhid (monotheism), which makes you see the haqq and haqiqa (truth). That is the light that distinguish between the truth (haqq) and wrong (batil). As for happiness, it is the perfection (kemal) of spiritual, actional, moral, and scholarly view. Dearest friends, happiness does not occur randomly. In the source of happiness there is the soul. And the soul has the perfection (kemal) of scholarly, actional, and moral views. That is, at first true knowledge (ilm) must settle in your heart. Then, that knowledge (ilm) must be turned to actions, and moral values. Thus, it will reflect to your words, and your glance. You see, only then happiness shall occur. Your glance changes, and you will glance happily from then on. You face will look happy. And you will look happy, but why? That is because your soul has obtained the values, which are like medicine and sustenance for the soul. Your soul has drunk all it could from the life-giving spring. There is a savor in it. There is a flavor in it, there is a ra’y, and satisfaction. Make your soul satisfied, but with what? That is by having it drink from the endless ocean of Quran. The light of the scholarly knowledge in Quran. The lights in the knowledge (ilm), or rather the meanings in Quran shall make a synthesis in your heart and soul. After obtaining that knowledge (ilm) you shall see that you are performing namaz better, and doing good jihad (struggle). You will see that you are doing good ibadats (worships), and start speaking good words. Thus, you will have good moral values. Your glance, and sight will flourish. You will start seeing the haqq and haqiqa (truth), and your tongue will start speaking the truth. You see, happiness is the perfection (kemal) of glance. What is more, the perfection (kemal) of the glance, and happiness are not possible before the soul attains perfection (kemal), before seeing the true knowledge (ilm), before having good deeds (amel-i salih), and establishing good moral values. You see, that is an intellectual mindset that is ages ahead. Do they think they can deny Allah and the values of Allah, and consider themselves contemporary? If you do that, they may like you but in what way? That is, of course, the way a cats love mice. But what is true love? That is to love Allah, and to be loved by Allah. Being loved by cats or mice, is like being fed to worms in the grave.

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That is being put to chains in the Great Gathering (Mahshar), after your back is broken by Zebanis. O, the person who denies Allah! It is important to avoid becoming one of those people, who have denied Islamic values, and got thrown into Jahannam (Hell) after their bones are broken. Jahannam (Hell) looks forward to their arrival. That is, in order to take revenge, for they denied Allah. Jahannam (Hell) is the place of revenge of Allah. That is where the justice is manifested. The retribution for denial and rebellion. Dearest friends! We said that the foremost happiness is spiritual happiness. The auxiliary one is physical happiness. There are the happiness of the body, health, beauty, and financial happiness. This happiness should be worldly, and otherworldly. The happiness in the spirit reflects to the body. That way health occurs; a firm spirit has a firm body. The heart, soul, and body of a person who has firm knowledge (ilm) are firm. One of the goals of Islam is to annihilate all diseases and harmful microbes, such as ignorance and poverty. Islam’s goal is to achieve happiness and prosperity for all people on earth by removing those. Islam is a complete social justice. So, the powers that are against Islam should not fear. Islam is for their own good. Islam does not leave them poor, for there is no cruelty in Islam. There is justice in Islam. This justice have been implemented, and will be implemented, for the disbelievers as well. And not applying them means not knowing Islam. Come, and let us know Islam altogether. I am giving these life-giving lessons to myself. That is, I deem you worthy of the values that I deem myself worthy. That is also for our Rabb (Lord) ordered. And so that we may share the truths, values, and the calming lessons together. We try to give these lessons to ourselves. That is, I accept you one of my own. And that I consider myself one of your own. So, I am telling these to myself. I am one of you, and you are one of us. That is, we are all servants (qul) of Allah. And we are all children of Adam and Hawwa (Eve). And we are all in the property of Allah. We shall all enter the presence of Allah and answer. You are among us, and I am among you. We are all united. There is no segregation in Islam. Islam does not segregate. Those who expel Muslims from the society are separationists. It is them who feed support terror. That is, if you forbid Islam, its knowledge (ilm), and scholarship (irfan), and if you suggest that people should stay ignorant, faithless, and immoral, and if you base everything on materialism. Terrorists, thieves, and unjust people will emerge if you do that. When you do that, the banks will be robbed, and the rights of the entire humanity will be stolen, and no one will raise a voice. So, that is also the source of reactionism. They expel you from where belief (iman), knowledge (ilm), scholarship (irfan), and true justice are not present. They expel you from there knowingly. That is if they divide people, saying they are not from them. If they hide the truth (haqq) and replace truth with what is false that would be the source of all division, reactionism, and disorder in the world. Besides, a person who loves Allah, who is under the command of Allah has no chance of doing something wrong. And if he does, Islam will warn him right away.

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And if he does not listen to warning, Islam shall give him tazir punishment. Islam does whatever is necessary. But Islam is a reformist religion. Islam does not want to lose anyone. The goal of Islam is to win all people. That is, having them win Janna (Paradise), and riza (approval) of Allah. Otherwise, there is no division in Islam, saying people are from this or that group. Dearest friends, it means that there is two types of happiness, physical and spiritual. The spirit and the body should both be happy. Islam has put our inner worlds under protection, by adorning our inner worlds with life-giving values. Islam has put our bodies under protection as well. There is no oppression in Islam. In Islam, there is doing what is necessary to protect people and look out for them, and ensure their happiness. Hijab of women is one of them. Not all, but just one of them. Almighty Quran, Prophet Muhammad, the fourteen-century application, and ijma ummah (consensus) agrees that Islam has ordered women to veil themselves. The spiritual world of women are adorned with Islam. Then, the religion of Islam has put them in a beautiful dress for their spiritual and physical happiness. Hijab is a must in Islam. Tasattur (covering) is a must with exception of hands, feet, and face. But there is no commandment that prison women under a white or black burqa. A woman should have apparel that is comfortable and beautiful which does not show body shapes. Islam prefers women to have beautiful dresses. Even scientifically, a comfortable dress is important for health. Islam is completely scientific, and it is based on Allah’s orders which are above science. Islam is above intellect and science. That is why the commandments in Islam are for the benefit of people, no matter what they are. And obedience to Allah is a necessity in Islam. You cannot rebel against Allah, but obey. Each commandment is specifically designed for your benefit. Allah does not order what is harmful to the servant (qul), for Allah forbade harmful things. The measures of Islam should be known and implemented without tafrit (underdoing) and ifrat (exaggeration). People should not mix these matters into politics. They should not procure an economic rent via these matters. Some politicians give message to disbelievers and enemies of Islam by strongly objecting to the order of Allah. They aim to receive the votes of the disbelievers. The others are giving message to the believers with an intention to receive their votes. That is exploitation for both sides. That is the utmost injustice against Islam. That is the greatest evil done against rights and freedoms of people. People have freedom of belief, and worship. People have the freedom to live the way they believe. The religious beliefs of a person cannot be suppressed by anyone. Belief is not valid under suppression. You cannot call that belief either. The religion of Islam is a complete journey of freedom, by being bound to the principles of Allah. Give up playing with the religion and belief of the nation. Renounce from exploitation. The religious decree is clear, those who wish to cover themselves as they believe are free to do so, and those who do not want to do that may not.

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He may or may not obey his Rabb (Lord), or revolt, that is up to him. Yet it is not right if you procure an economical rent via that. The following is a duty upon all of us: To protect and guarantee human rights and freedoms is a duty upon us all. One side gives a message to the disbelievers, while the other side gives another message to the believers, and both will procure an economical rent. But what is exploited here in the middle is the rights of the people. So, what will happen to human rights and freedoms in that event? The rights and freedoms will be suppressed. And some people will shed tears; they will even lose the right of education. That is one of the greatest transgressions done to the humanity in the world. Allah Ta’ala tells the humanity to read from cradle to grave, but you forbid them from reading. Are all ideologies wrapped in one or two meters of cloth? This is a personal matter, inside of a person’s head, the belief and ideas she carries are important. So, a person may cover her head or open it that is not important. What is important is the ideas inside her head, and the inside of her heart are more important. And that is up to her, you do not have a say in this. Ensure the safety and guarantee of people’s rights and freedoms. Renounce oppressing people. That has nothing to do with contemporaneity or backwardness. Some people wish to procure an unearned income via this matter. And people’s rights are not given to them. What is a pity here are the rights and freedoms of people. Those who believe should live the way they believe. If they do not believe, or they wish to live differently, or they have believed differently, let them live that way. Freedom is this. Did you ever see the women wearing headscarves oppressing those who did not wear headscarves? They do not even have the chance to do so. So, why are the others oppress the women wearing headscarves? Who gave the right to them for this transgression? There is no such cause either. Do not play with the beliefs of the people. It is actually you who divides people when you play with their beliefs. Do not marginalize anyone, and do not divine people. And you are endangering many things that your nation accepted together. You are trying to render the things that are accepted unacceptable. The people do not have a problem with anyone. But you have a problem. You want Muslims to abandon Islam. According to you, they may believe in anything but Islam. There is a mindset that says that. People with that mindset should know well that theirs is a mindset that Allah cursed. That is a devilish mindset. Muslims have established world domination in 14 centuries but they never forced anyone. They did not force anyone to become Muslims. They do not do that. Forced belief is not really iman, same goes for worship as well. There is no forced belief in Islam. However, know that Islam is a truth (haqq) and reality. The sovereignty of Allah is completely true (haqq), and real. Islam is the sovereignty of Allah. Whether you accept this, or not. But you and I shall but answer for this in the afterlife (ākhira). There is also the concept of Hasene, which means beauty, and good. Islam is the embodiment of all that is good, and all beauties. That is because Allah has chosen it, liked it, and established this order. So, what does Allah say about this? [5:3]“I have completed my blessing on you, and I have chosen Islam as din (religion).” Allah approves Islam, but does not accept any other religion.

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There are no other religions anyway. Allah Ta’ala wanted all prophets and all people to follow only one religion because Allah is also One. Allah wanted people and prophets to be members of only one religion, and subject to that religion. Allah assigned all prophets to Islam. One Allah has no two religions. Allah does not order two religions upon people. The religion that all prophets are commissioned in is Islam. It is just that Janâb-i Haqq renewed the sharīʿah laws as conditions of Islam change. And right now, the latest Islamic sharīʿah law is the sharīʿah of Prophet Muhammad. That is, the Islamic rules he brought forth. And as this is the last sharīʿah law and as all innovations are placed in it, it stays ahead of all times in terms of contemporaneity. Hasene means good and beauty. That is another word present in these verses. It encompasses health, beauty, halalness (lawfulness) of sustenance and its sufficiency. It also encompasses success in goodness. As you see all beauties are incorporated in this hasene. What is referred by health is health of spirit and the body. And the sustenance of the soul must be haqq and haqiqa (truth). That is settling the meaning of Quran into the soul and the body. The entirety of all that is good and all beauties, mental health, and health of insight (basirat). That is, a person having insight and perception, or rather basirat. That is, lights of discernment (farasat) shining in heart, which occurs via the light of the true (haqq) knowledge one obtains from Al-Quran Al-Karim via the power of true belief (iman). That is, they are good due to its aspects of good goodness, intellect, insight (basirat), enthusiasm, and husn (beauty). Al-Quran Al-Karim mostly discourses on insight (basirat). Basirat (insight) is the gear of the heart. That is, the shining of lights of belief (iman) and monotheism (tawhid). That is to be able to see the haqiqa (truth). That is to be able to distinguish between the truth (haqq) and wrong (batil). [2:201] “rabbanā ʾātinā fī d-dunyā ḥasanatan wa-fī l-ʾākhirati ḥasanatan wa-qinā ʿadhāba n-nār” “Birahmetike yâ erhamerrahimîn.” You see, this verse incorporates the beauties of both this world and the afterlife (ākhira). It encompasses the beauties of the world and the afterlife (ākhira). Now, they asked Ali (r.a.)…

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